Passing data to another activity

The intent object is defined as a messaging object. As a message object, its purpose is to communicate with other components of the application. In this recipe, we'll show you how to pass information with the intent and how to get it out again.

Getting ready

This recipe will pick up from where the previous one ended. We will call this project SendData.

How to do it...

Since this recipe is building on the previous recipe, most of the work is already done.  We'll add an EditText element to the main activity so that we have something to send to SecondActivity. We'll use the (auto-generated) TextView view to display the message. The following are the complete steps:

1. Open activity_main.xml and add the following <EditText> element above the button:

<EditText
android:id="@+id/editTextData"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/button" />

The <Button> element that we created in the previous recipe doesn't change.

2. Now, open the MainActivity.java file and change the onClickSwitchActivity() method as follows:

public void onClickSwitchActivity(View view) { 
    EditText editText = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.editTextData); 
    String text = editText.getText().toString(); 
    Intent intent = new Intent(this, SecondActivity.class); 
    intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT,text); 
    startActivity(intent); 
}

3. Next, open the activity_second.xml file and add the following <TextView> element:

<TextView
android:id="@+id/textViewText"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@id/buttonClose"/>

4. The last change is to edit the second activity to look for this new data and display it on the screen. Open SecondActivity.java and edit onCreate() as follows:

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_second);
TextView textView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textViewText);
    if (getIntent() != null && getIntent().hasExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT)) {
        textView.setText(getIntent().getStringExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT));
}
}

5. Now, run the project. Type some text in the main activity and press Launch Second Activity to see it send the data.

How it works...

As expected, the Intent object is doing all the work. We created an intent just as in the previous recipe and then added some extra data. Did you notice the putExtra() method call? In our example, we used the already defined Intent.EXTRA_TEXT as the identifier, but we didn't have to. We can use any key we want (you've seen this concept before if you're familiar with name/value pairs).

The key point about using name/value pairs is that you have to use the same name to get the data back out. That's why we used the same key identifier when we read the extra data with getStringExtra().

The second activity was launched with the intent that we created, so it's simply a matter of getting the intent and checking for the data sent along with it. We do this in onCreate():

textView.setText(getIntent().getStringExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT)); 

There's more...

We aren't limited to just sending String data. The intent object is very flexible and already supports basic data types. Go back to Android Studio and click on the putExtra method. Then, hit Ctrl and the spacebar. Android Studio will bring up the auto-complete list so that you can see the different data types that you can store.