Using different types of displays
To transmit a lot more information between the robot and you (or other people) compared to using LEDs, you can add a display to show text or even graphics.
In this section, we will take a brief look at displays that are suitable for Arduino robots and the trade-offs between several types of them, and we will also step through an example of how to use an LCD with one of the libraries that comes standard with the Arduino IDE.
Character displays
The most basic display that you can use to display information is the alphanumeric character display. The most common type (by a wide margin) is the Liquid-Crystal Display (LCD). LCDs consist of one or more lines that have several segments each. Each segment can display a standard alphanumeric character (such as an “A” or a “2”), or a user-defined special character such as an emoji. Among LCDs, the 16x2 type with 16 characters per line and 2 lines is the most used type for...