Creating a 2D histogram

In the first case, we basically counted the observations in each bin of our dataset. In this case, we will do the same but for combinations of bins for both datasets. The bins for each variable will end up creating a matrix. A simple example can make this easy. Let's create one and see:

1. Create a subset of poverty containing only countries, where the year is equal to 2000:

   df = poverty[poverty['year'].eq(2000) & poverty['is_country']]

2. Create a Figure object and add a histogram2d trace (at the time of writing, this chart type is not available in Plotly Express). We simply select any two indicators that we would like to plot together and pass them to x and y:

   fig = go.Figure()
   fig.add_histogram2d(x=df['Income share held by fourth 20%'],
                       y=df['GINI index (World Bank estimate)'],
    ...