Cryptographic Attacks

There exists an invisible battlefield where cryptographic attacks reign supreme. These adversaries, like modern-day phantoms, employ arcane techniques to breach the very foundations of digital security, unraveling algorithms crafted to safeguard our virtual domains. Among their arsenal are three ominous strategies: downgrade, a manipulation of trust; collision, a disruption in order; and birthday, where time is transformed into a weapon. These attacks can take multiple forms, but the most common are defined in the following sections.

Downgrade Attacks

A downgrade attack manipulates the trust-building process. In this attack, a malicious actor intercepts and alters the communication between two parties, causing them to downgrade to a weaker encryption protocol. Attacks of this nature include the following:

• SSL/TLS downgrade: SSL/TLS downgrade attack is where an attacker exploits vulnerabilities in the communication between a client (such as a web...