The story above shows that protecting the database is considered one of the ongoing responsibilities of a DBA. So, how does one accomplish this goal? You do it with the right knowledge and tools. At the same time you can't make everyone else an enemy while staunchly protecting the database. There are security decisions that you will have to stick to, but you should try not to stand in the way of getting the work done. It is a position of respect that you are striving for, not a position based on fear.
How does one gain this knowledge? Obviously, one of the first answers is to read the supplied documentation, but that isn't enough. Other less obvious ways are interacting with your peers at conferences, joining Oracle User Groups, conversations with other DBAs, office meetings with IT personnel, writing papers and giving presentations, interacting with technical support sites, and e-mailing lists. Try gathering information about a particular issue or problem from as many sources as possible before implementing a possible solution. Always take advice with a pinch of salt (including this book). You will be able to make a better and more informed decision by doing as much research and using as many resources as possible.
With that being said, acquiring information is only one of the initial steps to resolving a problem. These investigate different scenarios, as there will usually be more than one approach to fix a complex issue or problem. It is only by working through an issue with hands-on experience that a DBA gains the confidence along with the ability to survive a production-crisis situation. To accomplish this, you need adequate resources, such as the correct hardware, software, and most importantly, scheduled time to do a practice run through various scenarios.
A DBA needs a box that no one else is dependent on so that they can create and destroy databases at will. Adequate hardware for testing purposes is almost as important as the production hardware for database administration. The software side is significant as well and requires much more work to keep up with all the technological and security updates. Change is constant in the software industry. You will always be migrating to the next software version (Oracle software or operating system), patch set, Critical Patch Update (CPU), Patch Set Updates (PSU), one-off patch, or hardware replacements.
One of the questions most frequently asked by DBA managers is: what type of person should I hire to be the DBA? This usually means they weren't happy with the previous candidates. To be good at the job takes a tough but not mean attitude, getting it just right, and paying careful attention to the smallest of details without losing sight of the big picture. You must know everything about the Oracle software and if you are not able to find someone who does, step out of the office, communicate with other IT professionals, and pass on the information you learn to others who need help as well. Teaching someone else is the best test to see if you really know it well. Above all, don't be afraid to do the right thing when it comes to database security and privacy issues—in most situations, a DBA is all powerful, but needs a certain amount of self-restraint.
This book assumes that you could be any type of DBA, working on a single, small database, right up to many large databases. A Very Large Database (known as VLDB) will take several DBAs to run, so teamwork is important. Don't be surprised, as the newcomer, if you are relegated to minor duties for several years. Also, don't assume that if your database is not large, its tuning isn't as important: Oracle Maximum Availability Architecture (MAA) and Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA) standards will apply to all Oracle customers, not just VLDBs. Both MAA and OFA are discussed later in this book.
There are general practitioners (GPs) who perform routine health exams and treat common, everyday problems such as the flu or a muscle strain. You go to a specialist when the GP has reached his or her limit of expertise. If your organization is large, then there will be an opportunity for you to become a specialist as you gain experience. For now you should become familiar with all aspects of the database as a generalist DBA. Don't ignore or discount certain areas of database administration as being unimportant; if you are responsible for this database, then all areas will be important. Your customers will often see their requirements as more important than yours, so adapting to meet everyone's needs will require flexibility on your part.
