You're reading from Implementing and Administering Cisco Solutions: 200-301 CCNA Exam Guide

Product typeBook

Published inNov 2020

PublisherPackt

ISBN-139781800208094

Edition1st Edition

Tools

Cisco UCS

Concepts

Network Security

Author (1)

Glen D. Singh

Chapter 7: Interpreting Routing Components

All network professionals must have an understanding of the concepts of routing. In embarking upon this new domain on IP connectivity, you will be introduced to the topics of routers and how they help us connect to remote networks. Routers helps us reach the internet, access resources online, and share information with each other. Therefore, if you are unable to configure routers to send packets between remote networks and to enable them to automatically exchange routes, you will have great difficulty working in networking.

Upon completing this chapter, you will have learned the process Cisco IOS routers use to make their forwarding decisions. Additionally, you will have gained the ability to identify and describe each component within the routing table of a router and will be able to predict the forwarding decision of each device in a Cisco environment.

In this chapter, we will cover the following topics:

Understanding IP routing...

Technical requirements

To follow along with the exercises in this chapter, please ensure that you have met the following software requirement:

Cisco Packet Tracer: https://www.netacad.com

The code files for this chapter are available at: https://github.com/PacktPublishing/Implementing-and-Administering-Cisco-Solutions/tree/master/Chapter%2007.

Understanding IP routing

Routers play an important role in how networks operate day to day. Without them, we wouldn't be able to connect to other networks or the internet. In this section, we will learn how Cisco routers connect remote and foreign networks, allowing us to access devices and applications located within a data center or even another location somewhere on the internet. We will consider the question How does a router make the decision to forward traffic to the right network?

In the previous chapters, we have spent a lot of time learning how to build an optimal local area network using a lot of technologies with Cisco IOS switches. One of the key things you may have noticed regarding Cisco IOS switches is that a new Cisco switch with default configurations will still allow you to connect end devices onto its physical interfaces and will forward traffic (frames) without you inserting any additional configurations on the device. However, this is not the case with...

Components of the routing table

To further understand how routers make their decisions when it comes to forwarding packets between networks, it's important to understand each component of the routing table within a Cisco IOS router. In this section, we will cover all the essential components that are part of the routing table, including:

Routing protocol codes
Prefix
Network mask
Next hop
Administrative distance (AD)
Metric
Gateway of last resort

Let's start with routing protocol codes.

Routing protocol codes

When you execute the show ip route command on a Cisco router, the very first thing you will see is a concise list of codes. These codes are formally referred to as routing protocol codes. Each code is used to help you identify how a route has been learned and added to the routing table.

The following snippet shows the routing protocol codes of a Cisco IOS router:

Figure 7.8 – Routing protocol...

Summary

During the course of this chapter, we have discussed the strategies that Cisco IOS routers use to forward packets to their intended destinations. We looked at the routing table and broke down each component to give you a greater understanding of each component's purpose and responsibility on the router. You have learned how to predict the forwarding decision of a Cisco router in the following situations: when there are multiple routing protocols giving a route to the same destination network, when the same routing protocol has multiple paths to the same network, and when there are multiple paths with the same cost (metric).

I hope that this chapter has been informative and helps you on your journey toward learning how to implement and administrate Cisco solutions and prepare for the CCNA 200-301 certification. In the next chapter, Understanding Static and Dynamic Routing, we will learn how to set up static and dynamic routing protocols to ensure IP connectivity between...

Questions

The following is a short list of review questions to help reinforce your learning and help you identify which areas require improvement.

What is the administrative distance of a directly connected route?
A. 0
B. 1
C. 5
D. 110
A router has RIP, EIGRP, and OSPF running at the same time. Each protocol has a path to the network 192.168.1.0/27. Which path will be installed in the routing table?
A. EIGRP
B. RIP
C. OSPF
D. All of the above
Which of the following routing protocol codes is used to represent a default route in the routing table?
A. D
B. *
C. S
D. O
Which of the following statements is true regarding administrative distance?
A. Administrative distance is the cost between a source and destination network.
B. Administrative distance represents the actual distance between the source and destination network
C. Administrative distance is calculated by the router
D. Administrative distance is used to represent the trustworthiness of a route
A router is using only...

Glen D. Singh is a cybersecurity author, educator and SecOps professional. His areas of expertise are cybersecurity operations, offensive security tactics and techniques, and enterprise networking. He holds a Master of Science (MSc) in cybersecurity and many industry certifications from top awarding bodies such as EC-Council, Cisco, and Check Point. Glen loves teaching and mentoring others while sharing his wealth of knowledge and experience as an author. He has written many books, which focus on vulnerability discovery and exploitation, threat detection, intrusion analysis, incident response, network security, and enterprise networking. As an aspiring game changer, Glen is passionate about increasing cybersecurity awareness in his homeland, Trinidad and Tobago.
Read more about Glen D. Singh

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