Descriptive statistics

Data is everywhere. So, when a dataset is created, it can be understood as a subset of a larger amount of data. Imagine a sales report of the last quarter, or a dataset with ages and heights of elementary students in a county, or even responses to an election poll. All of them are subsets of a larger universe of data. Let’s think about that for a minute – the sales report does not show all the history of sales, the ages and heights are not for all students across the country, and the election poll does not contain responses from every citizen eligible to vote. Hence, these are examples of samples, which were collected from the whole, which is called the population.

The population holds the true values of mean, median, maximum, and minimum, and when we refer to these metrics in relation to the population, they are called parameters. If it was possible to have all the data and there was enough computational power to process it, we could just use...