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Deep Reinforcement Learning Hands-On. - Second Edition

You're reading from  Deep Reinforcement Learning Hands-On. - Second Edition

Product type Book
Published in Jan 2020
Publisher Packt
ISBN-13 9781838826994
Pages 826 pages
Edition 2nd Edition
Languages
Concepts
Author (1):
Maxim Lapan Maxim Lapan
Profile icon Maxim Lapan
LinkedIn
Maxim has been working as a software developer for more than 20 years and was involved in various areas: distributed scientific computing, distributed systems and big data processing. Since 2014 he is actively using machine and deep learning to solve practical industrial tasks, such as NLP problems, RL for web crawling and web pages analysis. He has been living in Germany with his family.
See other products by Maxim Lapan

Table of Contents (28) Chapters

Preface 1. What Is Reinforcement Learning? 2. OpenAI Gym 3. Deep Learning with PyTorch 4. The Cross-Entropy Method 5. Tabular Learning and the Bellman Equation 6. Deep Q-Networks 7. Higher-Level RL Libraries 8. DQN Extensions 9. Ways to Speed up RL 10. Stocks Trading Using RL 11. Policy Gradients – an Alternative 12. The Actor-Critic Method 13. Asynchronous Advantage Actor-Critic 14. Training Chatbots with RL 15. The TextWorld Environment 16. Web Navigation 17. Continuous Action Space 18. RL in Robotics 19. Trust Regions – PPO, TRPO, ACKTR, and SAC 20. Black-Box Optimization in RL 21. Advanced Exploration 22. Beyond Model-Free – Imagination 23. AlphaGo Zero 24. RL in Discrete Optimization 25. Multi-agent RL 26. Other Books You May Enjoy
27. Index

The Bellman equation of optimality

To explain the Bellman equation, it's better to go a bit abstract. Don't be afraid; I'll provide concrete examples later to support your learning! Let's start with a deterministic case, when all our actions have a 100% guaranteed outcome. Imagine that our agent observes state s0 and has N available actions. Every action leads to another state, s1 ... sN, with a respective reward, r1 ... rN. Also, assume that we know the values, Vi, of all states connected to state s0. What will be the best course of action that the agent can take in such a state?

Figure 5.3: An abstract environment with N states reachable from the initial state

If we choose the concrete action, ai, and calculate the value given to this action, then the value will be . So, to choose the best possible action, the agent needs to calculate the resulting values for every action and choose the maximum possible outcome. In other words, . If we are using the...

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Authors (1)

Profile icon Maxim Lapan
LinkedIn
Maxim has been working as a software developer for more than 20 years and was involved in various areas: distributed scientific computing, distributed systems and big data processing. Since 2014 he is actively using machine and deep learning to solve practical industrial tasks, such as NLP problems, RL for web crawling and web pages analysis. He has been living in Germany with his family.
See other products by Maxim Lapan

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