Conventions used

There are a number of text conventions used throughout this book.

Code in text: Indicates code words in text, database table names, folder names, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, dummy URLs, user input, and Twitter handles. Here is an example: “Finally, we plot the function to show the characteristic S-shaped curve of the sigmoid function and add the gridlines using the grid() function.”

A block of code is set as follows:

lm_model = lm(Class_num ~ Duration, data=GermanCredit)
coefs = coefficients(lm_model)
intercept = coefs[1]
slope = coefs[2]

Bold: Indicates a new term, an important word, or words that you see onscreen. For instance, words in menus or dialog boxes appear in bold. Here is an example: “To create an R Markdown file, we can select File | New File | R Markdown in RStudio.”

Tips or important notes

Appear like this.