Implementing model constraints

We will discuss how to implement constraints first with XGBoost and all popular tree ensembles, for that matter, because the parameters are named the same (see Figure 12.12). Then, we will do so with TensorFlow Lattice. But before we move forward with any of that, let’s remove race from the data, as follows:

X_train_con = X_train.drop(['race'], axis=1).copy()
X_test_con = X_test.drop(['race'], axis=1).copy()

Now, with race out of the picture, the model may still have some bias. However, the feature engineering we performed and the constraints we will place can help align the model against them, given the double standards we found in Chapter 6, Anchors and Counterfactual Explanations. That being said, the resulting model might perform worse against the test data. There are two reasons for this, outlined here:

• Loss of information: Race, especially through interaction with other features, impacted the outcome...