Security dependencies in FastAPI

To protect REST APIs, and HTTP endpoints more generally, lots of standards have been proposed. Here is a non-exhaustive list of the most common ones:

• Basic HTTP authentication: In this scheme, user credentials (usually, an identifier such as an email address and password) are put into an HTTP header called Authorization. The value consists of the Basic keyword, followed by the user credentials encoded in Base64. This is a very simple scheme to implement but not very secure since the password appears in every request.
• Cookies: Cookies are a useful way to store static data on the client side, usually on web browsers, that is sent in each request to the server. Typically, a cookie contains a session token that can be verified by the server and linked to a specific user.
• Tokens in the Authorization header: Probably the most used header in a REST API context, this simply consists of sending a token in an HTTP Authorization header. The token...