System operation layers

System operation layers constitute the fundamental architecture that underpins the seamless functionality of modern computing. These layers are hierarchical strata, each serving a distinct purpose in orchestrating the collaboration between hardware and software. Let’s unravel the significance of these layers and understand why they are crucial to the operation of a computer system:

• Hardware layer: At the lowest level, the hardware layer consists of the physical components of a computer system—processors, memory, storage devices, and input/output devices. It provides the foundation upon which all higher-level operations and software function.
• ISA layer: Above the hardware layer lies the ISA layer, defining the interface between software and the hardware. It includes the instruction set and the architecture, which the processor understands. The ISA layer acts as a bridge, allowing software to communicate with and utilize underlying hardware...