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You're reading from Data Lake for Enterprises

Product typeBook

Published inMay 2017

Reading LevelIntermediate

PublisherPackt

ISBN-139781787281349

Edition1st Edition

Languages

Java

Tools

Kafka Hadoop

Concepts

Data Processing

Authors (3):

Vivek Mishra

Tomcy John

Pankaj Misra

View More author details

Exploring data

Data refers to a set of values of qualitative or quantitative variables.

Data is measured, collected and reported, and analyzed, whereupon it can be visualized using graphs, images or other analysis tools. Data as a general concept refers to the fact that some existing information or knowledge is represented or coded in some form suitable for better usage or processing.

- Wikipedia

Data can be broadly categorized into three types:

Structured data
Unstructured data
Semi-structured data

Structured data is data that we conventionally capture in a business application in the form of data residing in a relational database (relational database management system (RDBMS)) or non-relational database (NoSQL - originally referred to as non SQL).

Structured data can again be broadly categorized into two, namely raw and cleansed data. Data that is taken in as it is, without much cleansing or filtering, is called raw data. Data that is taken in with a lot of cleansing and filtering, catering to a particular analysis by business users, is called cleansed data.

All the other data, which doesn’t fall in the category of structured, can be called unstructured data. Data collected in the form of videos, images, and so on are examples of unstructured data.

There is a third category called semi-structured data, which has come into existence because of the Internet and is becoming more and more predominant with the evolution of social sites. The Wikipedia definition of semi-structured data is as follows:

Semi-structured data is a form of structured data that does not conform with the formal structure of data models associated with relational databases or other forms of data tables, but nonetheless contains tags or other markers to separate semantic elements and enforce hierarchies of records and fields within the data. Therefore, it is also known as self-describing structure.

Some of the examples of semi-structured data are the well-known data formats, namely JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) and Extensible Markup Language (XML).

The following figure (Figure 01) covers whatever we discussed on different types of data, in a pictorial fashion. Please don't get confused by seeing spreadsheets and text files in the structured section. This is because the data presented in the following figure is in the form of a record, which, indeed, qualifies it to be structured data:

Figure 01: Types of Data

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Authors (3)

Vivek Mishra

Vivek Mishra is an IT professional with more than nine years of experience in various technologies like Java, J2ee, Hibernate, SCA4J, Mule, Spring, Cassandra, HBase, MongoDB, REDIS, Hive, Hadoop. He has been a contributor for open source like Apache Cassandra and lead committer for Kundera(JPA 2.0 compliant Object-Datastore Mapping Library for NoSQL Datastores like Cassandra, HBase, MongoDB and REDIS). Mr Mishra in his previous experience has enjoyed long lasting partnership with most recognizable names in SCM, Banking and finance industries, employing industry standard full software life cycle methodologies Agile and SCRUM. He is currently employed with Impetus infotech pvt. ltd. He has undertaken speaking engagements in cloud camp and Nasscom Big data seminar and is an active blogger and can be followed at mevivs.wordpress.com
Read more about Vivek Mishra

Tomcy John

Tomcy John lives in Dubai (United Arab Emirates), hailing from Kerala (India), and is an enterprise Java specialist with a degree in Engineering (B Tech) and over 14 years of experience in several industries. He's currently working as principal architect at Emirates Group IT, in their core architecture team. Prior to this, he worked with Oracle Corporation and Ernst & Young. His main specialization is in building enterprise-grade applications and he acts as chief mentor and evangelist to facilitate incorporating new technologies as corporate standards in the organization. Outside of his work, Tomcy works very closely with young developers and engineers as mentors and speaks at various forums as a technical evangelist on many topics ranging from web and middleware all the way to various persistence stores.
Read more about Tomcy John

Pankaj Misra

Pankaj Misra has been a technology evangelist, holding a bachelor's degree in engineering, with over 16 years of experience across multiple business domains and technologies. He has been working with Emirates Group IT since 2015, and has worked with various other organizations in the past. He specializes in architecting and building multi-stack solutions and implementations. He has also been a speaker at technology forums in India and has built products with scale-out architecture that support high-volume, near-real-time data processing and near-real-time analytics.
Read more about Pankaj Misra

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