The high-level architecture of AVs
In the following sections, we will look at the high-level architecture that enables V2X. The automotive industry is getting ready for the deployment of Cellular V2X (C-V2X) technologies. C-V2X is a 3GPP standard. It describes how to meet the V2X requirements. C-V2X is an alternative to IEEE 802.11p, which is a specified standard for V2V and other forms of V2X communications. C-V2X includes LTE-V2X and NR-V2X technologies. 5G NR-V2X adds certain advanced capabilities on top of the 5G NR air interface. This adds stringent requirements to support CAV use cases.
C-V2X will use the 5.9 GHz band for direct communications using the PC5 interface. According to the PC5 standard, the User Equipment (UE) directly communicates with other UE over a direct channel, without the need for communication with the base station. The UE can be a mobile handset or a vehicle, in this case (see Figure 14.7):
Figure 14.7 – PC5 interface...
