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You're reading from  Modern Computer Architecture and Organization – Second Edition - Second Edition

Product typeBook
Published inMay 2022
PublisherPackt
ISBN-139781803234519
Edition2nd Edition
Concepts
Computer Architecture
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Author (1)
Jim Ledin
Jim Ledin
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Jim Ledin

Jim Ledin is the CEO of Ledin Engineering, Inc. Jim is an expert in embedded software and hardware design and testing. He is also an expert in system cybersecurity assessment and penetration testing. He has a B.S. degree in aerospace engineering from Iowa State University and an M.S. degree in electrical and computer engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology. Jim is a registered professional electrical engineer in California, a Certified Information System Security Professional (CISSP), a Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH), and a Certified Penetration Tester (CPT).
Read more about Jim Ledin

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Input/output operations

The goal of the I/O portion of a processor architecture is to efficiently transfer data between external peripheral devices and system memory. Input operations transfer data from the external world into memory and output operations send data from memory to an outside destination.

The format of the data on the external side of the I/O interface varies widely. Here are some examples of the external representations of computer I/O data:

  • Signals on a video cable connected to a monitor
  • Voltage fluctuations on the wires in an Ethernet cable
  • Magnetic patterns on the surface of a disk
  • Sound waves produced by computer speakers

Regardless of the form the data takes when it is outside the computer, the connection of any I/O device with the processor must comply with the processor’s I/O architecture and the I/O device must be compatible with any other I/O devices that happen to be present in the computer system.

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Modern Computer Architecture and Organization – Second Edition - Second Edition
Published in: May 2022Publisher: PacktISBN-13: 9781803234519
© 2022 Packt Publishing Limited All Rights Reserved

Author (1)

author image
Jim Ledin

Jim Ledin is the CEO of Ledin Engineering, Inc. Jim is an expert in embedded software and hardware design and testing. He is also an expert in system cybersecurity assessment and penetration testing. He has a B.S. degree in aerospace engineering from Iowa State University and an M.S. degree in electrical and computer engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology. Jim is a registered professional electrical engineer in California, a Certified Information System Security Professional (CISSP), a Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH), and a Certified Penetration Tester (CPT).
Read more about Jim Ledin

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