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Learning Single-page Web Application Development
Learning Single-page Web Application Development

Learning Single-page Web Application Development: Build powerful and scalable single-page web applications using a full stack JavaScript environment with Node.js, MongoDB, AngularJS, and the Express framework

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Learning Single-page Web Application Development

Chapter 2. Taking a Deep Dive into Node.js and MongoDB

A built-in asynchronous I/O, single-threaded or even multithreaded, real-time applications, sockets, and HTTP connections make Node.js the most powerful tool to create web servers that run JavaScript on the server side.

MongoDB is agile, scalable, document-oriented schema less, and high performance, which makes it one of the most popular NoSQL databases. Node.js and MongoDB unleashed all the power for high-performance web applications with Express, a lightweight web framework that supports template engines, routing, and flash notices. It's very similar to Sinatra from Ruby. Moving forward, we will see some of the key concepts about all of these tools.

The following will be covered in the chapter:

  • Node server, NPM, and middlewares
  • Event-driven development and the event loop
  • Working with require() and modules
  • Express, a web framework on a server
  • MongoDB and the terminal
  • The MongoDB connection with Mongoose
  • Mongoose schemas and models...

Node server, NPM, and middleware

Node is a web server built with JavaScript and the basic Node.js proposal is of high performance and scalable web applications, but what does it really mean?

In other server-side programming languages, such as Java, PHP, and .NET, each connection starts a new thread on the server potentially, and in general is accompanied by 2 MB of memory. On a server that has 8 GB of RAM, this defines the maximum number of concurrent connections as about 4,000 users. Now, imagine that your application is growing and every day gets more and more hits; you probably will need more servers or even to invest in more hardware. This is the bottleneck of the whole architecture of web applications, the maximum number of concurrent I/O connections a server can handle and keep stable. Node.js solves this by changing how a connection is made to the server. Instead of starting a new thread for each connection, it creates a process that does not require a memory block to accompany it...

Event-driven development and the event loop

Event-driven development came from event-driven programming, in other words, outside the paradigm of object-oriented programming, event-based programming is the ability to treat the application flow after an event is fired.

JavaScript is a great language for event-driven programming; it allows anonymous functions and closures, and more importantly, the syntax is very familiar with other programming languages. The callback functions that are called when an event occurs can be written in the same place where you capture the event. Therefore, it is easy to code and easy to maintain your application.

Almost everything in Node uses callbacks. Node callbacks are functions that will be implemented in the asynchronous mode. In general, a callback function is one that is passed as an argument to another function using function pointers. For example, it tells a function to perform some task and when finished with this task, perform another task.

The event...

Express – a web framework on a server

Express is the most common and flexible framework to build web applications on Node. It provides us with a robust set of features to deal with such as SPA, the RESTful API, and of course, the MEAN stack. The Express framework has full support for templates and rendering using the Jade engine as the default. It is very suitable for large-scale applications that render HTML on the server side.

Of course, we have others options such as the amazing restify microframework, strictly built to deal with the RESTful API, but as we are talking about MEAN, we use only the acronym-related technology, which is Express.

Jade is a template engine uniquely for Node, inspired by Ruby and Haml with rule-based indentation, like the Sass and Python syntax. More information on Jade can be found at http://jade-lang.com/.

The main reason to use Express is that the default Node API is not as robust for complex applications, as every route management and other features...

MongoDB and the terminal

MongoDB, also known as NoSQL database, is a document-oriented database; this means that all the data is stored like a JSON file.

Instead of storing your data in tables and rows as you would do with a relational database, MongoDB stores this data in the key-value format, using binary JSON (BSON); developers can easily map to modern object-oriented languages, without a complicated ORM layer. This new data model simplifies coding significantly and also improves the performance of the grouping of the relevant data together internally.

MongoDB is not limited to a two-dimensional approach to a relational database where we have rows and columns; it can represent objects in the real world as complex and unique as they are. Imagine that in your relational database, you must enter a new attribute to a record; for this, your changes in this model should be applied to the entire database.

Comparing a relational database with the NoSQL database

In the case of MongoDB, you can apply...

Summary

We finished our chapter with a lot of new information about the whole process to create a Node server and run web applications.

We covered the essential topics to start the development of our example application, starting with our Node server, NPM, and how to install modules and dependencies, import modules with require, and export modules to use later with module.exports. We saw that MongoDB has a GUI administration interface and learned some command lines to help us in our future queries.

We learned the power of the Express framework, where we can build simple to complex web applications and also how to use object modeling with the Mongoose module to create schemas and models for our data. But don't worry if you do not understand all the concepts here; we will discuss them in more detail in the next chapters.

Our journey has just begun; we'll see another bunch of tools and get our hands dirty with a lot of code to start building our API in the following chapters. In the...

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Description

This book is aimed at web developers who are familiar with frontend technologies like JavaScript, HTML, and CSS, and modern tools like Bower, Yeoman, and Grunt.

What you will learn

  • Streamline your development work with Bower, Yeoman, and Grunt.js
  • Configure an AngularJS application using modules
  • Test AngularJS applications with Karma and Protractor
  • Create a conference web application
  • Start from scratch and refactor your applications using Yo Express generator
  • Use the new features of Express 4 such as Router, static middleware, and more
  • Set up user authentication and store sessions with Passport
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Publication date, Length, Edition, Language, ISBN-13
Publication date : Dec 24, 2014
Length: 214 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781783552092

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Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781783552092

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Table of Contents

9 Chapters
1. Understanding Single Page Application Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2. Taking a Deep Dive into Node.js and MongoDB Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3. API with MongoDB and Node.js Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
4. Creating a Conference Web Application Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
5. Starting with AngularJS Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
6. Understanding Angular Views and Models Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
7. Testing Angular SPA with Karma and Protractor Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
8. Deploying the Application to the Cloud Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

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Bharat C. Ruparel Mar 16, 2015
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One really nice thing that author does before starting chapter 1 is that he provides a detailed list of his package.json file with the versions of various modules that make up the example application that he builds in the book. Similarly, he lists the version of WebStrom IDE that he used to write the code for the application. This avoids any ambiguities up-front.Chapter 1: The author goes into excruciating details about various architectural patterns MVM, MVVM, etc. etc. In my opinion, it is unnecessary in an introductory text like this. Less than a page would have been sufficient. On a positive note, the author does much better when he gets into discussing various software tools to create a Single Page Application (SPA).Chapter 2:It reviews the four technologies, Mongo DB, Express JS, Angular JS, and Node JS (i.e., the MEAN stack) from a 10,000 feet level. This is useful for someone with no experience in these software tools, but can be safely skipped by those with some experience or prior knowledge.Chapter3:One nice thing to know was the starter project Hackathon on Github. It is definitely something that I plan on looking at in more detail in near future. Next, he defines the sample project, Conference Speakers, that is used as a case study throughout the rest of the book and he does a fairly decent job. From hereon, the chapter dives into the code which is well-documented. A small disappointment is that the author chooses to use a third-party service for Mongo DB rather than walk through Mongo installation on his local machine. On the positive side, the use of Postman Google Chrome add-on is a nice touch.Chapter4:The author uses Embedded Javascript (EJS) instead of the Jade default server-side template engine. Personally, I much prefer Jade since I use HAML in my Ruby on Rails projects. Jade is similar to HAML, perhaps, better. What I found really confusing is his choice of Styling framework, called Responsive Boilerplate instead of Bootstrap which is what he uses for the client-side Angular JS templates. In my judgment, this was a poor choice and he would have been much better off keeping Bootstrap as the overall styling framework.Chapter5:It is a general and fast paced introduction to Angular. If you don't have any prior experience with Angular then it would be tough to get up to speed in it by reading just this chapter alone. You will need other resources for sure.Chapter6:It builds on the previous chapter and explains how to scaffold a starter application using Mean.js. The generated code is refactored and customized to create the final front-end code.Chapter7:This chapter deals with testing the code and provides detailed and useful configuration examples. Testing the MEAN stack is easier said than done, and therefore, the details are important.Chapter8:Finally, the author concludes with deploying the application on Heroku. This was the primary reason that I purchased the book. Frankly, I was a bit disappointed since the author races through it without providing much useful information. I am an experienced Heroku user and therefore approximately 80 percent of details were too basic for me. I was looking for more pertinent information on deploying a MEAN stack application on Heroku or at least links to appropriate articles.All in all, the book provides a fairly decent overview of how to build a Single Page Application using various tools with the following caveat: it is not the only book that you will need to learn to create Single Page Applications. Be prepared to invest into more books and/or video courses.
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