Notices

In this appendix, we document the trademarks and legal notices associated with the software we mention in the book.

Topics covered in this chapter

1. A.1. One qubit kets
2. A.2. Two qubit kets
3. A.3. Pauli gates and matrices
4. A.4. Pauli strings of length 2
5. A.5. Greek letters

B.1 Photos, images, and diagrams

Unless otherwise noted, all photographs, images, and diagrams were created by the author, Robert S. Sutor. They share the same copyright as the book itself.

• The photo of Richard Feynman in section 1.2 is in the public domain.
• The image of the 74181 four-bit ALU in section 2.5 is subject to use under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license and was obtained from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic_logic_unit#/media/File:74181aluschematic.png.
• The photo of John von Neumann in section 2.8.1 is subject to use via the Los Alamos National Laboratory notice.
• The photo of Niels Henrik Abel in section 3.6.1 is in the public domain.
• The photo of Charles Hermite in section 5.4.1 is in the public domain.
• The image of Carl Friedrich Gauss immediately before section 5.6 is in the public domain.
• The photo of David Hilbert in section 5.7.3 is in the public...

B.2 Marks

• IBM® and Qiskit®, are registered trademarks of IBM Corporation.
• The Jupyter Trademark is registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
• “Major League Baseball” is a service mark of Major League Baseball Properties, Inc.
• MATLAB® is a registered trademark of The MathWorks, Inc.
• Mathematica® is a registered trademark of Wolfram Research, Inc.
• Pennylane® is a registered trademark of Xanadu Quantum Technologies Inc.
• Polaroid® is a registered trademark of Polaroid Corporation.
• Python® is a registered trademark of the Python Software Foundation. Python is copyright © 2001–2024 Python Software Foundation.
• The Python logo is a trademark of the Python Software Foundation: https://www.python.org/community/logos/.
• Pytorch® is a registered trademark of Facebook, Inc.
• STAR TREK® is the registered...

B.3 Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.0 Generic

You are free to:

• Share – copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.

The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.

Under the following terms:

• Attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
• NoDerivatives – If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.
• No additional restrictions – You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits. 56

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/2.0/legalcode

...

B.4 Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Germany

You are free to:

• Share – copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.
• Adapt – remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.

The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.

Under the following terms:

• Attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
• ShareAlike – If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
• No additional restrictions – You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits...

B.5 Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported

You are free to:

• Share – copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.
• Adapt – remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.

The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.

Under the following terms:

• Attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
• No additional restrictions – You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits. 55

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode

B.6 Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported

You are free to:

• Share – copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
• Adapt – remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.

The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.

Under the following terms:

• Attribution – You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
• ShareAlike – If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
• No additional restrictions – You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others...

B.7 Los Alamos National Laboratory

“Unless otherwise indicated, this information has been authored by an employee or employees of the Los Alamos National Security, LLC (LANS), operator of the Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The U.S. Government has rights to use, reproduce, and distribute this information. The public may copy and use this information without charge, provided that this Notice and any statement of authorship are reproduced on all copies. Neither the Government nor LANS makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any liability or responsibility for the use of this information.”

B.8 Python 3 license

Python 3 is made available under the license at

https://docs.python.org/3/license.html .

At the time of writing this book, the license was for version 3.11.8: Python Software Foundation PSF

1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Python Software Foundation (“PSF”), and the Individual or Organization (“Licensee”) accessing and otherwise using Python 3.11.8 software in source or binary form and its associated documentation.
2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, PSF hereby grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce, analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works, distribute, and otherwise use Python 3.11.8 alone or in any derivative version, provided, however, that PSF's License Agreement and PSF's notice of copyright, i.e., “Copyright © 2001-2024 Python Software Foundation; All Rights...