Search icon
Arrow left icon
All Products
Best Sellers
New Releases
Books
Videos
Audiobooks
Learning Hub
Newsletters
Free Learning
Arrow right icon
Quantum Computing in Practice with Qiskit® and IBM Quantum Experience®
Quantum Computing in Practice with Qiskit® and IBM Quantum Experience®

Quantum Computing in Practice with Qiskit® and IBM Quantum Experience®: Practical recipes for quantum computer coding at the gate and algorithm level with Python

By Hassi Norlen
$29.99 $20.98
Book Nov 2020 408 pages 1st Edition
eBook
$29.99 $20.98
Print
$43.99
Subscription
$15.99 Monthly
eBook
$29.99 $20.98
Print
$43.99
Subscription
$15.99 Monthly

What do you get with eBook?

Product feature icon Instant access to your Digital eBook purchase
Product feature icon Download this book in EPUB and PDF formats
Product feature icon Access this title in our online reader with advanced features
Product feature icon DRM FREE - Read whenever, wherever and however you want
Buy Now

Product Details


Publication date : Nov 23, 2020
Length 408 pages
Edition : 1st Edition
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781838828448
Vendor :
IBM
Category :
Table of content icon View table of contents Preview book icon Preview Book

Quantum Computing in Practice with Qiskit® and IBM Quantum Experience®

Chapter 2: Quantum Computing and Qubits with Python

Quantum computing is a fairly new and fairly old field at the same time. The ideas and concepts used to achieve quantum computing (such as quantum mechanical superposition and entanglement) have been around for almost a century and the field of quantum information science was founded almost 40 years ago. Early explorers, such as Peter Shor and Lov Grover, produced quantum computing algorithms (Shor's algorithm and Grover's algorithm) that are now starting to become as well known as foundational physics concepts such as E=mc2. For details, see the references at the end of the chapter.

At the same time, real quantum computers that utilize these effects are a relatively recent invention. The requirements for building one were outlined by DiVincenzo in the 1990, and IBM opened up its IBM Quantum Experience® and Qiskit® in 2016, effectively the first time anyone outside of a research lab could start exploring this...

Technical requirements

The recipes that we discuss in this chapter can be found here: https://github.com/PacktPublishing/Quantum-Computing-in-Practice-with-Qiskit-and-IBM-Quantum-Experience/tree/master/Chapter02.

For more information about how to get the recipe sample code, refer to the Downloading the code samples section in Chapter 1, Preparing Your Environment.

Comparing a bit and a qubit

So, let's start with the obvious—or perhaps, not so obvious—notion that most people who read this book know what a bit is.

An intuitive feeling that we have says that a bit is something that is either zero (0) or one (1). By putting many bits together, you can create bytes as well as arbitrary large binary numbers, and with those, build the most amazing computer programs, encode digital images, encrypt your love letters and bank transactions, and more.

In a classical computer, a bit is realized by using low or high voltages over the transistors that make up the logic board, typically something such as 0 V and 5 V. In a hard drive, the bit might be a region magnetized in a certain way to represent 0 and the other way for 1, and so on.

In books about quantum computing, the important point to drive home is that a classical bit can only be a 0 or a 1; it can never be anything else. In the computer example, you can imagine a box with...

Visualizing a qubit in Python

In this recipe, we will use generic Python with NumPy to create a vector and visual representation of a bit and show how it can be in only two states, 0 and 1. We will also introduce our first, smallish foray into the Qiskit® world by showing how a qubit can not only be in the unique 0 and 1 states but also in a superposition of these states. The way to do this is to take the vector form of the qubit and project it on the so-called Bloch sphere, for which there is a Qiskit® method. Let's get to work!

In the preceding recipe, we defined our qubits with the help of two complex parameters—a and b. This meant that our qubits could take values other than the 0 and 1 of a classical bit. But it is hard to visualize a qubit halfway between 0 and 1, even if you know a and b.

However, with a little mathematical trickery, it turns out that you can also describe a qubit using two angles—theta () and phi ()—and visualize the...

A quick introduction to quantum gates

Now that we have sorted out the difference between bits and qubits, and have also understood how to visualize the qubit as a Bloch sphere, we know all that there is to know about qubits, correct? Well, not quite. A qubit, or for that matter, hundreds or thousands of qubits, is not the only thing you need to make a quantum computer! You need to perform logical operations on and with the qubits. For this, just like a classical computer, we need logical gates.

I will not go into any great detail on how logical gates work, but suffice to say that a quantum gate, operates on the input of one or more qubits and outputs a result.

In this recipe, we will work our way through the mathematical interpretation of few quantum gates by using matrix multiplication of single- and multi-qubit gates. Don't worry, we will not dig deep, just a little to scratch the surface. You will find a deeper look quantum gates in Chapter 6, Understanding the Qiskit...

Left arrow icon Right arrow icon
Download code icon Download Code

Key benefits

  • Work your way up from writing a simple quantum program to programming complex quantum algorithms
  • Explore the probabilistic nature of qubits by performing quantum coin tosses and using random number generators
  • Delve into quantum algorithms and their practical applications in various domains

Description

IBM Quantum Experience® is a leading platform for programming quantum computers and implementing quantum solutions directly on the cloud. This book will help you get up to speed with programming quantum computers and provide solutions to the most common problems and challenges. You’ll start with a high-level overview of IBM Quantum Experience® and Qiskit®, where you will perform the installation while writing some basic quantum programs. This introduction puts less emphasis on the theoretical framework and more emphasis on recent developments such as Shor’s algorithm and Grover’s algorithm. Next, you’ll delve into Qiskit®, a quantum information science toolkit, and its constituent packages such as Terra, Aer, Ignis, and Aqua. You’ll cover these packages in detail, exploring their benefits and use cases. Later, you’ll discover various quantum gates that Qiskit® offers and even deconstruct a quantum program with their help, before going on to compare Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) and Universal Fault-Tolerant quantum computing using simulators and actual hardware. Finally, you’ll explore quantum algorithms and understand how they differ from classical algorithms, along with learning how to use pre-packaged algorithms in Qiskit® Aqua. By the end of this quantum computing book, you’ll be able to build and execute your own quantum programs using IBM Quantum Experience® and Qiskit® with Python.

What you will learn

Visualize a qubit in Python and understand the concept of superposition Install a local Qiskit® simulator and connect to actual quantum hardware Compose quantum programs at the level of circuits using Qiskit® Terra Compare and contrast Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum computing (NISQ) and Universal Fault-Tolerant quantum computing using simulators and IBM Quantum® hardware Mitigate noise in quantum circuits and systems using Qiskit® Ignis Understand the difference between classical and quantum algorithms by implementing Grover’s algorithm in Qiskit®

What do you get with eBook?

Product feature icon Instant access to your Digital eBook purchase
Product feature icon Download this book in EPUB and PDF formats
Product feature icon Access this title in our online reader with advanced features
Product feature icon DRM FREE - Read whenever, wherever and however you want
Buy Now

Product Details


Publication date : Nov 23, 2020
Length 408 pages
Edition : 1st Edition
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781838828448
Vendor :
IBM
Category :

Table of Contents

12 Chapters
Preface Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 1: Preparing Your Environment Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 2: Quantum Computing and Qubits with Python Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 3: IBM Quantum Experience® – Quantum Drag and Drop Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 4: Starting at the Ground Level with Terra Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 5: Touring the IBM Quantum® Hardware with Qiskit® Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 6: Understanding the Qiskit® Gate Library Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 7: Simulating Quantum Computers with Aer Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 8: Cleaning Up Your Quantum Act with Ignis Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 9: Grover's Search Algorithm Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 10: Getting to Know Algorithms with Aqua Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Other Books You May Enjoy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

Filter icon Filter
Top Reviews
Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
(1 Ratings)
5 star 100%
4 star 0%
3 star 0%
2 star 0%
1 star 0%

Filter reviews by


N/A Feb 13, 2024
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Libro interessante per chi lavora con quell'ambiente. E' una sorta di coltellino svizzero per trovare subito le informazioni che ti servono.
Feefo Verified review Feefo image
Get free access to Packt library with over 7500+ books and video courses for 7 days!
Start Free Trial

FAQs

How do I buy and download an eBook? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Where there is an eBook version of a title available, you can buy it from the book details for that title. Add either the standalone eBook or the eBook and print book bundle to your shopping cart. Your eBook will show in your cart as a product on its own. After completing checkout and payment in the normal way, you will receive your receipt on the screen containing a link to a personalised PDF download file. This link will remain active for 30 days. You can download backup copies of the file by logging in to your account at any time.

If you already have Adobe reader installed, then clicking on the link will download and open the PDF file directly. If you don't, then save the PDF file on your machine and download the Reader to view it.

Please Note: Packt eBooks are non-returnable and non-refundable.

Packt eBook and Licensing When you buy an eBook from Packt Publishing, completing your purchase means you accept the terms of our licence agreement. Please read the full text of the agreement. In it we have tried to balance the need for the ebook to be usable for you the reader with our needs to protect the rights of us as Publishers and of our authors. In summary, the agreement says:

  • You may make copies of your eBook for your own use onto any machine
  • You may not pass copies of the eBook on to anyone else
How can I make a purchase on your website? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

If you want to purchase a video course, eBook or Bundle (Print+eBook) please follow below steps:

  1. Register on our website using your email address and the password.
  2. Search for the title by name or ISBN using the search option.
  3. Select the title you want to purchase.
  4. Choose the format you wish to purchase the title in; if you order the Print Book, you get a free eBook copy of the same title. 
  5. Proceed with the checkout process (payment to be made using Credit Card, Debit Cart, or PayPal)
Where can I access support around an eBook? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
  • If you experience a problem with using or installing Adobe Reader, the contact Adobe directly.
  • To view the errata for the book, see www.packtpub.com/support and view the pages for the title you have.
  • To view your account details or to download a new copy of the book go to www.packtpub.com/account
  • To contact us directly if a problem is not resolved, use www.packtpub.com/contact-us
What eBook formats do Packt support? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Our eBooks are currently available in a variety of formats such as PDF and ePubs. In the future, this may well change with trends and development in technology, but please note that our PDFs are not Adobe eBook Reader format, which has greater restrictions on security.

You will need to use Adobe Reader v9 or later in order to read Packt's PDF eBooks.

What are the benefits of eBooks? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
  • You can get the information you need immediately
  • You can easily take them with you on a laptop
  • You can download them an unlimited number of times
  • You can print them out
  • They are copy-paste enabled
  • They are searchable
  • There is no password protection
  • They are lower price than print
  • They save resources and space
What is an eBook? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Packt eBooks are a complete electronic version of the print edition, available in PDF and ePub formats. Every piece of content down to the page numbering is the same. Because we save the costs of printing and shipping the book to you, we are able to offer eBooks at a lower cost than print editions.

When you have purchased an eBook, simply login to your account and click on the link in Your Download Area. We recommend you saving the file to your hard drive before opening it.

For optimal viewing of our eBooks, we recommend you download and install the free Adobe Reader version 9.