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Python for Finance. - Second Edition

You're reading from  Python for Finance. - Second Edition

Product type Book
Published in Jun 2017
Publisher
ISBN-13 9781787125698
Pages 586 pages
Edition 2nd Edition
Languages

Table of Contents (23) Chapters

Python for Finance Second Edition
Credits
About the Author
About the Reviewers
www.PacktPub.com
Customer Feedback
Preface
1. Python Basics 2. Introduction to Python Modules 3. Time Value of Money 4. Sources of Data 5. Bond and Stock Valuation 6. Capital Asset Pricing Model 7. Multifactor Models and Performance Measures 8. Time-Series Analysis 9. Portfolio Theory 10. Options and Futures 11. Value at Risk 12. Monte Carlo Simulation 13. Credit Risk Analysis 14. Exotic Options 15. Volatility, Implied Volatility, ARCH, and GARCH Index

VaR based on sorted historical returns


We know that stock returns do not necessarily follow a normal distribution. An alternative is to use sorted returns to evaluate a VaR. This method is called VaR based on historical returns. Assume that we have a daily return vector called ret. We sort it from the smallest to the highest. Let's call the sorted return vector sorted_ret. For a given confidence level, the one-period VaR is given here:

Here, position is our wealth (value of our portfolio), confidence is the confidence level and n is the number of returns. The len() function shows the number of observations and the int() function takes the integer part of an input value. For example, if the length of the return vector is 200 and the confidence level is 99%, then the second value (200*0.01) of the sorted returns, from the smallest to the highest, times our wealth, will be our VaR. Obviously, if we have a longer time series, that is, more return observations, our final VaR would be more accurate...

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