Only amateur attackers blindly try different exploits against a server without having any idea beforehand whether they will work or not. More sophisticated adversaries will map out your network and system to find out as much information as possible about the architecture of your network and what software is running on your machines. An attacker looking to break in via a web server will try to find one he knows he can exploit, and this is where a method known as HTTP fingerprinting comes into play.
We are all familiar with fingerprinting in everyday life—the practice of taking a print of the unique pattern of a person's finger to be able to identify him or her—for purposes such as identifying a criminal or opening the access door to a biosafety laboratory. HTTP fingerprinting works in a similar manner by examining the unique characteristics of how a web server responds when probed and constructing a fingerprint from the gathered information. This fingerprint is then compared...
