Basic aggregation operators

At this point, you should be familiar with the basic MongoDB stages used for querying ($match, $limit, $search, $sample, $skip, $sort, etc.), mutating ($fill, $project, $set, $unset, and others), summarizing ($group, $count, etc.), joining, and performing input/output operations on documents.

For a quick refresher, the MongoDB documentation provides an excellent starting point: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/v7.0/reference/operator/aggregation/.

Bitwise operators in aggregation

One of the new features in MongoDB 7.0 is the introduction of bitwise operators in aggregations. Bitwise operators are especially useful in cases where documents have a lot of bit-mask values (such as status, permission settings, or general settings).

There are four operators that allow developers to create aggregations based on bit-mask values:

• $bitAnd: Returns the result of a bitwise and operation on an array of integers or long values
• $bitOr: Returns the result...