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Learning .NET High-Performance Programming
Learning .NET High-Performance Programming

Learning .NET High-Performance Programming: Learn everything you need to know about performance-oriented programming for the .NET Framework

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Learning .NET High-Performance Programming

Chapter 2. Architecting High-performance .NET Code

Software architecture is something that is hard to define in a single statement. However, to summarize, the architecture of an application is its whole design, together with how its blocks/modules/layers interact with each other and with the related documentation.

As explained in the previous chapter, different designs produce different pros and cons in terms of the various aspects of performance. Here, we will dive into the most used/misused architectural techniques and solutions, in search of the best for our performance goals.

In this chapter, we will focus on the following topics:

  • Software architecture
  • Performance concerns about the architecture
  • Object-oriented design principles
  • Common designs and architectures
  • Common platform architectures
  • Performance considerations

Software architecture

A software architecture is something a development team must share, together with the person in charge of the architecture itself (even better if someone who constructs software architectures as their main job), to achieve the goal of producing an application with standard methods, techniques, and tools driving the team as standardized industry-level workers.

A software architect is someone who designs software in a real sense. He understands and addresses business (functional) and technical (non-functional) requisites that drive the development team in the right direction during the entire software development lifecycle. A software architect is also someone who makes the software writable by multiple developers simultaneously, by writing a global design at the beginning of the development of a new software, and hence, enables it to work homogeneously. This is why, often, a software architect is in charge of internal framework development, and so, useful in simplifying...

Performance concerns about architecture

The goal of architecture is to provide the best structure to fulfill all functional and non-functional requirements, and to achieve the best results in terms of customer satisfaction with a bit of overhead to, we have to manage any future need the application may have during the release.

Decisions about selecting software architecture are about performance. An important distinction is between decisions that affect the whole software and decisions that can be made as optimization or tuning.

There is a performance architecture that focuses on the performance concerns that always persist as time changes, and an optimization time, when performance concerns fit the underlying system and its configuration (OS version, middleware version, .NET version, the database version, and so on). After a system change, the architectural vision should not change, whereas the optimization against the new system must be made to fit the requirements. When dealing with software...

Object-oriented design principles

C# is a general-purpose language that can work in a managed environment. It is the .NET Common Language Runtime (CLR) that handles the most tricky logic for us, such as the lifecycle of variables and their removal from memory, process isolation, thread abstraction, variably safe typing, and so on.

Although we will assume that we will use C# only in object-oriented programming (OOP), the language itself supports other paradigms as well.

Note

In terms of class design, the following tenets are at the basis of OOP:

  • Encapsulation: Any class can hide its core logic in external items.
  • Inheritance: Any class can expand the capability of a mother class, by adding more specific properties or adding/changing logics.
  • Polymorphism: Any object, if extended by inheritance, when compared to other objects of the same parent family, may produce different business results by applying the eventually changed logic as allowed by inheritance, creating what names a polymorphic behavior...

Common designs and architectures

As mentioned earlier, sharing knowledge and simplifying communication between team members is one of the most common reasons some scientists give names to architectures and designs.

Note

A layer is a logical module of software with its own core logic and boundaries.

A tier is a physical container of one or more layers, such as a server across a network or multiple instances of the same Virtual Machine, working in a load-balanced way.

Different kinds of architectures and designs exist, such as a single or multiple layered architectures and creational or behavioral design patterns. This book is not about architectures, so we will only provide an overview of the most used software and system architectures while trying to provide more details on performance concerns.

Note

When dealing with a software architecture that relies on multiply systems, such as any n-tier architecture, the whole design takes the name of system architecture.

When talking about performance,...

Architecture comparison

In this section, we provide an analytical view on how different performance indicators relate to different solutions, based on the architectures that we have just discussed.

The two excellent architectures are the 2-tier ASP.NET MVC-based architecture, which is the best performing in terms of latency, and SOA, which definitely wins in terms of scalability.

Another thing that is easily visible is the average low-level result that Web Forms obtains about any performance indicator. Here, the age of the framework (released in 2001) acts as the main bottleneck, together with the RAD approach made to help shorten time release, thus killing long-term maintenance and the life cycle of the whole application.

Architecture comparison

The architectures just analyzed compared with performance results

Software architecture


A software architecture is something a development team must share, together with the person in charge of the architecture itself (even better if someone who constructs software architectures as their main job), to achieve the goal of producing an application with standard methods, techniques, and tools driving the team as standardized industry-level workers.

A software architect is someone who designs software in a real sense. He understands and addresses business (functional) and technical (non-functional) requisites that drive the development team in the right direction during the entire software development lifecycle. A software architect is also someone who makes the software writable by multiple developers simultaneously, by writing a global design at the beginning of the development of a new software, and hence, enables it to work homogeneously. This is why, often, a software architect is in charge of internal framework development, and so, useful in simplifying...

Performance concerns about architecture


The goal of architecture is to provide the best structure to fulfill all functional and non-functional requirements, and to achieve the best results in terms of customer satisfaction with a bit of overhead to, we have to manage any future need the application may have during the release.

Decisions about selecting software architecture are about performance. An important distinction is between decisions that affect the whole software and decisions that can be made as optimization or tuning.

There is a performance architecture that focuses on the performance concerns that always persist as time changes, and an optimization time, when performance concerns fit the underlying system and its configuration (OS version, middleware version, .NET version, the database version, and so on). After a system change, the architectural vision should not change, whereas the optimization against the new system must be made to fit the requirements. When dealing with software...

Object-oriented design principles


C# is a general-purpose language that can work in a managed environment. It is the .NET Common Language Runtime (CLR) that handles the most tricky logic for us, such as the lifecycle of variables and their removal from memory, process isolation, thread abstraction, variably safe typing, and so on.

Although we will assume that we will use C# only in object-oriented programming (OOP), the language itself supports other paradigms as well.

Note

In terms of class design, the following tenets are at the basis of OOP:

  • Encapsulation: Any class can hide its core logic in external items.

  • Inheritance: Any class can expand the capability of a mother class, by adding more specific properties or adding/changing logics.

  • Polymorphism: Any object, if extended by inheritance, when compared to other objects of the same parent family, may produce different business results by applying the eventually changed logic as allowed by inheritance, creating what names a polymorphic behavior...

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Description

If you are a .NET developer with an understanding of application development, but want to learn how to optimize the performance of your applications, this is the book for you. Basic knowledge of C# is expected.

Who is this book for?

If you are a .NET developer with an understanding of application development, but want to learn how to optimize the performance of your applications, this is the book for you. Basic knowledge of C# is expected.

What you will learn

  • Understand the significance of high performance in applications
  • Identify different performance concerns for all the mainly used architectures and designs
  • Acquaint yourself with the commonly used MVC and MVVM patterns
  • Understand the fundamentals of CLR
  • Learn more about Task Parallel Library and concepts such as Thread Pool Tuning and parameter injection
  • Use PLINQ programming to achieve parallelism
  • Design Big Data solutions for handling datasets optimally
  • Choose highperformance querying strategies to retrieve and manipulate data
  • Execute tests on applications for performance analysis

Product Details

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Publication date : Jun 30, 2015
Length: 304 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781785282638
Vendor :
Microsoft
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Product Details

Publication date : Jun 30, 2015
Length: 304 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781785282638
Vendor :
Microsoft
Category :
Languages :

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Table of Contents

10 Chapters
1. Performance Thoughts Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2. Architecting High-performance .NET Code Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3. CLR Internals Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
4. Asynchronous Programming Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
5. Programming for Parallelism Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
6. Programming for Math and Engineering Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
7. Database Querying Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
8. Programming for Big Data Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
9. Analyzing Code Performance Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 3
(3 Ratings)
5 star 0%
4 star 33.3%
3 star 33.3%
2 star 33.3%
1 star 0%
Cliente Nov 24, 2015
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
A complete guide for dummies and experienced developers that need a "good-programming" reference book. Useful for managers and architets too
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Jason Down Sep 28, 2015
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 3
Disclaimer: I was given a free electronic review copy of this book.This book begins with an interesting perspective on design consideration and requirements for various types of applications and performance aspects (latency vs. throughput vs. resource usage etc.). There are a few case studies that bring some substance to these concepts.In Chapter 2, the book moves on to an overview of different architectures and patterns and performance considerations in relation to them. I found this section to be quite informative and interesting. A lot of ground is covered however, so some of the information seems a little too shallow.Chapter 3 moves on to the .Net CLR (Common Language Runtime) internals as they relate to performance. This includes topics such as memory management, garbage collection, threading and exception handling. You get a lot of code samples in an attempt to show how these things work. Again, a lot of ground is covered, so some samples feel rushed and not fully explained (especially if you are new to any of these concepts). To the author's credit, there are often links provided for further explanation.Chapters 4 and 5 cover asynchronous programming (various models and patterns) and parallel programming. I found these two chapters to be the most interesting and in-depth. There was a whirlwind of code samples which seemed to be more complete than in the previous sections.Chapters 6-8 go into programming for math/engineering (data type performance, real time applications, Fourier transformations), database querying (ADO.NET vs. Entity Framework) and programming for big data (grid computing and an overview of Microsoft Azure). Except for a few useful nuggets of wisdom, I found these chapters to be too much of a general overview and less interesting.The book ends with an overview of code performance analysis, profiling and testing. This chapter was also a little brief, although I found the information about the tools in Visual Studio to be interesting.Overall, I think the book is worth the read because some chapters are great. However, the book as a whole seems to be more of a general introduction and overview to performance programming. It tries to cover too much material for its size. Either more pages should be added or some of the weaker chapters should be pulled in order to focus on the more interesting and important topics.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Damir Arh Sep 05, 2015
Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 2
Unfortunately the book didn't meet my expectations. I was expecting in-depth content, describing the good and bad practices in different scenarios supported by measurements, pitfalls to be aware of, options to consider. Instead I only got a high-level overview of several performance related aspects, at best.The introductory chapters are very generic and subjective with very little to support the author's point of view. The remainder of the book covers a broad selection of topics, all of them related to performance in one way or another: Common Language Runtime internals, parallelism and asynchronicity, data access, distributed computing. As a consequence, the author only manages to mention what needs to be considered when thinking about performance, but gives very little guidance or useful advice. Occasional inaccuracies in text and errors in samples decrease the value even further. On top of that, the author's use of English language can make the book more difficult to read.I really can't recommend the book to anyone, at least not for the full price. At a discount, it might be of limited use to someone, who's just starting to learn about performance, before moving on to more advanced resources. It should still be read with a grain of salt, though.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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