Creating a set of programs in R and Python

On numerous occasions, for a specific research topic, researchers will collect many datasets and write many programs. Why not write a big program? There are several reasons for not doing so. First, we might need several steps to finish the project. Second, the project might be too complex, so we have divided the whole project into several small portions. Each researcher will be responsible for one or a few portions. Third, according to the flow of the whole process, we might want to have several parts, such as devoting a part to processing data, a part to running various regressions, and a part to summarizing the results. Because of this, we need a way of putting all the programs together. In the following example, we will show you how to achieve this in both R and Python. For R, assume that we have the following functions:

pv_f<-function...