Introduction

R is a flexible, open source, and powerful statistical programming language. It is preferred by many professional statisticians and researchers in a variety of fields. It has extensive statistical and graphical capabilities. R combines the aspects of functional and object-oriented programming. One of the key features of R is implicit looping, which yields compact, simple code and frequently leads to faster execution. It provides a command-line interpreted statistical computing environment with built-in scripting language.

R is an integrated suite of software facilities for data manipulation, calculation, and graphical display. Its key strengths are effective data handling and storage facility, and a collection of tools for data analysis. It provides a number of extensions that support data processing and machine learning tasks. However, interactive analysis in R is limited as the runtime is single-threaded and can only process datasets that fit in a single machine's memory.

The...