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Mobile Test Automation with Appium
Mobile Test Automation with Appium

Mobile Test Automation with Appium: Mobile application testing made easy

By Nishant Verma
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Book Jun 2017 256 pages 1st Edition
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Product Details

Publication date : Jun 30, 2017
Length 256 pages
Edition : 1st Edition
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781787280168
Category :
Programming
Concepts :
Application Testing
Tools :
Appium (Beginner)
Table of content icon View table of contents Preview book icon Preview Book

Mobile Test Automation with Appium

Chapter 1. Introduction to Appium

The mobile app market is huge, and it will increase further. Approximately, there are 2 billion smartphone devices worldwide, which is more than two times the number of personal computers in the world. A report (for more information, visit https://www.statista.com/topics/1002/mobile-app-usage/) shows that more than 102 billion apps have been downloaded worldwide, and the number is expected to reach 268 billion by 2017. According to one of the reports (for more information, visit http://www.statista.com/statistics/269025/worldwide-mobile-app-revenue-forecast/), the worldwide mobile revenue for 2015 amounted to $41.1 billion and is expected to reach $101.1 billion by 2020.

With all these promising growth numbers and trends, learning mobile app development and testing will be worth it and will have a huge demand.

In this chapter, we will cover the following topics:

  • Types of mobile apps
    • Native App
    • Mobile Web app
    • Hybrid App
  • Appium Architecture
    • What is XCUITest
    • What is UiAutomator 2

Let's take a look at mobile apps, which form this ecosystem, and how they are broadly categorized based on the way they are developed:

Let's understand the different types of mobile apps.

The mobile world is majorly dominated by two operating systems: iOS and Android. Most apps are made for both the platforms given the user base. In this chapter, we will take a detailed look at the following:

  • Native app, mobile web, and hybrid app
  • The characteristics of each type of app
  • A sample example app of each type

Native app

A native app is an app developed for a particular mobile device or platform (such as Android, iOS, or Windows). For example, iPhone apps are written in Swift, and Android apps are written in Java. Native apps are also better performing and have a high degree of reliability as they use the underlying system architecture and the device's built-in features.

Native apps can run in both the online mode as well as the offline mode. Native App is tied to the mobile operating system it has been developed for, and hence can't be run on any other operating system. This makes developing the native app costly as the same app has to be rewritten for another operating system. These apps are available to be downloaded on the mobile via the respective app store.

Here's an example of a native app. It's a news app bundled with iPhone and can be downloaded from the Apple App Store:

Another one is the popular Instagram app on Android phone, which is native:

Mobile Web app

A Mobile Web app is an app accessed over a mobile browser. It can be easily accessed via built-in browsers, such as Safari on iOS and Chrome on Android. They are primarily developed using technologies such as HTML5 or JavaScript, which provide the customization capabilities. So, they are basically served from a server and not stored offline anywhere on the device.

Web apps have a common code base and can be accessed like any typical web app on any device with browsers. For Mobile Web apps, responsive web design is the new standard as they have to cater to devices of different screen sizes and resolutions. Mobile Web apps can also access mobile-specific features, such as dialing a phone number or location-based mapping. Mobile Web apps can only be accessed with a valid network (Wifi/4G/3G/2G).

The following is an example of a mobile app. It's a mobile website of The New York Times and can be opened with any mobile browser. The URL for this is http://mobile.nytimes.com. One can perform the same actions as web, such as browser refresh. The following screenshot shows the same app; it's opened using the Safari app on an iPhone 6 simulator, running iOS 10.1:

The next is an Android emulator running Android 6.0 and has the mobile site of The New York Times opened on the default browser app:

Hybrid app

A hybrid app consists basically of websites packaged in a native wrapper. They are primarily developed in web technologies (HTML5, CSS, JavaScript) but run inside a native container, thereby giving a feel that it is a native app. Hybrid apps rely on HTML being rendered in the mobile browser, with a limitation that the browser is embedded within the app. This approach allows you to have one code base for all the mobile operating systems: iOS, Android, and Windows. A web-to-native abstraction layer enables access to device-specific capabilities, which are not accessible in Mobile Web apps otherwise. Examples include a camera, on device local storage, and an accelerometer.

Hybrid app is the most favored approach for companies with a web page in existence. Those companies often build hybrid apps as a wrapper over the web page. Tools such as PhoneGap and Sencha Touch allow one to build a hybrid app. These apps can be downloaded via the respective app stores. Here's an example of a hybrid app--it's an Evernote app and can be downloaded from the respective app store:

The mobile testing ecosystem is not yet crowded; there are only a couple of tools that are really worth trying and learning, and Appium is the most promising one.

Appium is an open source tool to automate mobile applications. It's a cross-platform automation tool, which will help in automating the different types of mobile apps that we discussed earlier.

The supported mobile operating system platforms by Appium are as follows:

  • iOS
  • Android
  • Windows

Let's take a detailed look at Appium, how it is architected, and how it facilitates automation.

Appium architecture

Now that we have understood the different types of mobile apps, let's take a look at how Appium is architected to support mobile app automation. Appium is basically a web server written in Node.js. The server performs actions in the given order:

  • Receives connection from client and initiates a session
  • Listens for commands issued
  • Executes those commands
  • Returns the command execution status

So basically, Appium is a client-server architecture.

The Appium server receives a connection from client in the form of a JSON object over HTTP. Once the server receives the details, it creates a session, as specified in JSON, and returns the session ID, which will be maintained until the Appium server is running. So, all testing will be performed in the context of this newly created session. The following is a diagram depicting the Appium architecture:

The Appium server is written in Node.js; it can be installed via npm or directly from source.

XCUITest

XCUITest is an automation framework introduced by Apple with the iOS 9.3 version. However, from iOS 10 and later versions, it's the only supported automation framework.

Appium 1.6.0 uses Apple's new XCUITest framework, which supports iOS 10/Xcode 8. Appium internally uses Facebook's WebDriverAgent project to support XCUITest. For the older iOS version (<=9.3), Appium uses Apple's UIAutomation library. Typical usage would be to pass the following in desired capabilities:

automationName: XCUITest

Facebook WebDriverAgent is a WebDriver server implementation for iOS. It is used to remote control connected devices or simulators and allows one to launch an app, perform commands (such as tap and scroll), and kill applications.

The UIAutomation library communicates with bootstrap.js, which is running inside the device or simulator to perform the commands received by the Appium client:

UiAutomator 2

UIAutomator 2 is an automation framework based on Android instrumentation and allows one to build and run UI tests.

Appium uses Google's UIAutomator to execute commands on real devices and emulators. UIAutomator is Google's test framework for native app automation at the UI level. Typical usage would be to pass the following in desired capabilities:

automationName: uiautomator2

With version 1.6, Appium has provided support to UiAutomator 2. Appium uses the appium-android-bootstrap module to interact with UI Automator. It allows commands to be sent to the device, which are then executed on real devices using Android's UIAutomator testing framework.

When Appium client requests to create a new AndroidDriver session, the client passes the desired capability to the Appium node server. The UIAutomator2 driver module creates the session. It then installs the UIAutomator2 server APK on the connected Android device, starts the Netty server, and initiates a session. Once the Netty server session is started, the UIAutomator2 server continues to listen on the device for requests and responds:

Picture courtesy--GitHub Appium page

Pros of using Appium

Appium has many advantages; some of them are listed here:

  1. It's an open source tool backed by a very active community.
  2. It supports multiple languages (Java, JavaScript, Objective C, C#, PHP, Python, Ruby, Clojure, and Perl).
  3. It doesn't force you to recompile an app or modify it. You can test the same version that you have planned to submit to the play store or app store.
  4. It allows you to write cross-platform tests.

Note

Netty is an NIO client-server framework, which enables quick and easy development of network applications, such as protocol servers and clients.

Summary

So, in this chapter, we learned about different types of mobile apps and the advantages one has over another. We also learned about Appium and its architecture. We learned about XCUITest and UIAutomator 2 and how Appium uses them to communicate commands to devices. We also looked at the advantages of using Appium.

In the next chapter, we will set up our machine so that we can start practicing the usage of Appium.

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Key benefits

  • How to automate testing with Appium
  • Apply techniques for creating comprehensive tests
  • How to test on physical devices or emulators

Description

Appium is an open source test automation framework for mobile applications. It allows you to test all three types of mobile applications: native, hybrid, and mobile web. It allows you to run the automated tests on actual devices, emulators, and simulators. Today, when every mobile app is made on at least two platforms, iOS and Android, you need a tool that allows you to test across platforms. Having two different frameworks for the same app increases the cost of the product and time to maintain it as well. Appium helps save this cost. With mobile app growth exploding, mobile app automation is mainstream now. In this book, author Nishant Verma provides you with a firm grounding in the concepts of Appium while diving into how to set up appium & Cucumber-jvm test automation framework, implement page object design pattern, automate gestures, test execution on emulators and physical devices, and implement continuous integration with Jenkins. The mobile app we have referenced in this book is Quikr because of its relatively lower learning curve to understand the application. It's a local classifieds shopping app.

What you will learn

Discover Appium and how to set up an automation framework for mobile testing Understand desired capabilities and learn to find element locators Learn to automate gestures and synchronize tests using Appium Take an incremental approach to implement page object pattern Learn to run Appium tests on emulators or physical devices Set up Jenkins to run mobile automation tests by easy to learn steps Discover tips and tricks to record video of test execution, inter app automation concepts Learn to run Appium tests in parallel on multiple devices simultaneously

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Product Details

Publication date : Jun 30, 2017
Length 256 pages
Edition : 1st Edition
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781787280168
Category :
Programming
Concepts :
Application Testing
Tools :
Appium (Beginner)

Table of Contents

20 Chapters
Title Page Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Title Page
Credits Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Credits
About the Author Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
About the Author
About the Reviewers Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
About the Reviewers
www.PacktPub.com Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
www.PacktPub.com
Customer Feedback Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Customer Feedback
Preface Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Preface
1. Introduction to Appium Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Introduction to Appium
Native app
Mobile Web app
Hybrid app
Appium architecture
Summary
2. Setting Up the Machine Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Setting Up the Machine
Machine setup for macOS
Machine setup for Windows
Appium GUI app
Summary
3. Writing Your First Appium Test Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Writing Your First Appium Test
Creating an Appium Java project (using gradle)
Introduction to Cucumber
Writing our first Appium test
Summary
4. Understanding Desired Capabilities Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Understanding Desired Capabilities
Refactoring -1
Server argument
Server capabilities
Android-only capabilities
iOS-only capabilities
Summary
5. Understanding Appium Inspector to Find Locators Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Understanding Appium Inspector to Find Locators
Appium inspector
Summary
6. How to Synchronize Tests Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
How to Synchronize Tests
AppiumDriver
Implicit wait
Explicit wait
Fluent wait
Summary
7. How to Automate Gestures Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
How to Automate Gestures
Gestures
Summary
8. Design Patterns in Test Automation Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Design Patterns in Test Automation
Refactor -1
Page Object pattern
Summary
9. How to Run Appium Test on Devices and Emulators Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
How to Run Appium Test on Devices and Emulators
Emulator
Devices
Summary
10. Continuous Integration with Jenkins Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Continuous Integration with Jenkins
Refactoring -1
Setting up Jenkins
Summary
11. Appium Tips and Tricks Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Appium Tips and Tricks
Switching between views - web and native
Taking screenshots
Recording video execution
Interacting with another app
Running the test in parallel
Network conditioning
Summary
12. Appium Desktop App Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Appium Desktop App
Installing the new Appium app
Summary
13. Appendix Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Appendix
Introduction to Cucumber
Finding an app's package name and launch activity
Installing Google Play services in the Genymotion emulator
Summary

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Authors (1)

Profile icon Nishant Verma
Nishant Verma is a co-founder of TestVagrant Technologies. Its a service start-up addressing testing solutions for B2C companies with a focus on mobile and web, and helps companies deliver faster and reliably. Nishant has 11 years of experience in software development and testing. He has worked with IT companies such as ThoughtWorks Inc., Aditi Technologies, and Altisource. He has extensive experience in setting up agile testing practices, functional and non-functional test automation, mentoring, and coaching. In the past, he has worked on web UIs and specializes in building test solutions in the mobile domain. He has hands-on experience with test automation tools such as WebDriver (Selenium2), Calabash, Frank, Appium, Watin, Sikuli, QTP, and DeviceAnywhere. He actively maintains his own website on testing techniques, agile testing, automation techniques, and general learning. He has contributed to leading testing journals such as Testing Circus and Software Developer's Journal, and has been an active speaker at vodQA (testing event of Thoughtworks). Nishant has authored a reference book on how to use Appium for automating Android apps using Java, which is available on Gitbook. It has received close to 200,000 views, 40,000 readers online, and has been downloaded around 3,000 times.
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Disclaimer:
All orders received before 5 PM U.K time would start printing from the next business day. So the estimated delivery times start from the next day as well. Orders received after 5 PM U.K time (in our internal systems) on a business day or anytime on the weekend will begin printing the second to next business day. For example, an order placed at 11 AM today will begin printing tomorrow, whereas an order placed at 9 PM tonight will begin printing the day after tomorrow.


Unfortunately, due to several restrictions, we are unable to ship to the following countries:

  1. Afghanistan
  2. American Samoa
  3. Belarus
  4. Brunei Darussalam
  5. Central African Republic
  6. The Democratic Republic of Congo
  7. Eritrea
  8. Guinea-bissau
  9. Iran
  10. Lebanon
  11. Libiya Arab Jamahriya
  12. Somalia
  13. Sudan
  14. Russian Federation
  15. Syrian Arab Republic
  16. Ukraine
  17. Venezuela