Logging changes independently of applications

Some spatial applications require that the old and new values in the schema be tracked so that the changes can be traced back in case of errors. For example, new surveying measurements from the field can be used to update the geometries for the existing land parcels, but the older values need to be tracked for a certain amount of time in the database in case of disputes. Oracle database provides an auditing technology called database auditing that can be used to monitor and track all database level actions. This auditing can be done for individual actions such as DML SQL statements or DDL SQL statements, or any other database level action. Database auditing is typically done to account for actions taken at the schema, table, or an other object level to monitor actions of specific users for accounting purposes, investigate suspicious activity, monitor and gather statistics for specific database operations, and for compliance purposes. Therefore...