In this chapter, we'll be examining deep neural networks. These networks have shown excellent performance in terms of the accuracy of their classification on more challenging datasets like ImageNet, CIFAR10 (https://www.cs.toronto.edu/~kriz/learning-features-2009-TR.pdf), and CIFAR100. For conciseness, we'll only be focusing on two networks: ResNet [2][4] and DenseNet [5]. While we will go into much more detail, it's important to take a minute to introduce these networks.

ResNet introduced the concept of residual learning, which enabled it to build very deep networks by addressing the vanishing gradient problem (discussed in section 2) in deep convolutional networks.

DenseNet improved ResNet further by allowing every convolution to have direct access to inputs, and lower layer feature maps. It's also managed to keep the number of parameters low in deep networks by utilizing both the Bottleneck and Transition layers...

3. ResNet v2

The improvements for ResNet v2 are mainly found in the arrangement of layers in the residual block as shown in Figure 2.3.1.

The prominent changes in ResNet v2 are:

The use of a stack of 1 x 1 – 3 x 3 – 1 × 1 BN-ReLU-Conv2D
Batch normalization and ReLU activation come before two dimensional convolution

Figure 2.3.1: A comparison of residual blocks between ResNet v1 and ResNet v2

ResNet v2 is also implemented in the same code as resnet-cifar10-2.2.1.py, as can be seen in Listing 2.2.1:

Listing 2.2.1: resnet-cifar10-2.2.1.py

def resnet_v2(input_shape, depth, num_classes=10):
    """ResNet Version 2 Model builder [b]

    Stacks of (1 x 1)-(3 x 3)-(1 x 1) BN-ReLU-Conv2D or 
    also known as bottleneck layer.
    First shortcut connection per layer is 1 x 1 Conv2D.
    Second and onwards shortcut connection is identity.
    At the beginning of each stage, 
    the feature map size...

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Explore the most advanced deep learning techniques that drive modern AI results
New coverage of unsupervised deep learning using mutual information, object detection, and semantic segmentation
Completely updated for TensorFlow 2.x

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Advanced Deep Learning with TensorFlow 2 and Keras, Second Edition is a completely updated edition of the bestselling guide to the advanced deep learning techniques available today. Revised for TensorFlow 2.x, this edition introduces you to the practical side of deep learning with new chapters on unsupervised learning using mutual information, object detection (SSD), and semantic segmentation (FCN and PSPNet), further allowing you to create your own cutting-edge AI projects. Using Keras as an open-source deep learning library, the book features hands-on projects that show you how to create more effective AI with the most up-to-date techniques. Starting with an overview of multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs), convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and recurrent neural networks (RNNs), the book then introduces more cutting-edge techniques as you explore deep neural network architectures, including ResNet and DenseNet, and how to create autoencoders. You will then learn about GANs, and how they can unlock new levels of AI performance. Next, you’ll discover how a variational autoencoder (VAE) is implemented, and how GANs and VAEs have the generative power to synthesize data that can be extremely convincing to humans. You'll also learn to implement DRL such as Deep Q-Learning and Policy Gradient Methods, which are critical to many modern results in AI.

What you will learn

Use mutual information maximization techniques to perform unsupervised learning Use segmentation to identify the pixel-wise class of each object in an image Identify both the bounding box and class of objects in an image using object detection Learn the building blocks for advanced techniques - MLPss, CNN, and RNNs Understand deep neural networks - including ResNet and DenseNet Understand and build autoregressive models – autoencoders, VAEs, and GANs Discover and implement deep reinforcement learning methods

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Advanced Deep Learning with TensorFlow 2 and Keras: Apply DL, GANs, VAEs, deep RL, unsupervised learning, object detection and segmentation, and more, Second Edition

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Advanced Deep Learning with TensorFlow 2 and Keras - Second Edition

Deep Neural Networks

1. Functional API

2. Deep Residual Network (ResNet)

3. ResNet v2

4. Densely Connected Convolutional Network (DenseNet)

5. Conclusion

6. References

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Advanced Deep Learning with TensorFlow 2 and Keras: Apply DL, GANs, VAEs, deep RL, unsupervised learning, object detection and segmentation, and more, Second Edition

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