Introduction to computer vision

Computer vision is a science that is used to make computers understand what is happening within an image. Some examples of the use of computer vision in self-driving cars are the detection of other vehicles, lanes, traffic signs, and pedestrians. In simple terms, computer vision helps computers understand images and videos, and determines what the computer is seeing in the surrounding environment.

The following screenshot shows how a human sees the world:

Fig 4.1: Human eye interpretation

In the preceding screenshot, we can see that humans see using their eyes. The visual information captured by their eyes is then interpreted in the brain, enabling the individual to conclude that the object is a bird. Similarly, in computer vision, the camera takes the role of the human eye and the computer takes the role of the brain, as shown in the following screenshot:

Fig 4.2: Computer interpretation 

Now the question is, what process actually happens in computer...