In this chapter, we will explore intermediate and advanced concepts and approaches to object-oriented programming (OOP) and their applicability to design patterns. We will review the fundamental concepts of OOP to facilitate a deep conceptual understanding. This chapter also covers the principles of OOP design patterns.
Specifically, we will cover the following topics in this chapter:
- Introduction to object-oriented programming
 - Object-oriented programming approaches
 - Principles of design patterns
 - Complete OOP class