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Vue.js 3 Design Patterns and Best Practices
Vue.js 3 Design Patterns and Best Practices

Vue.js 3 Design Patterns and Best Practices: Develop scalable and robust applications with Vite, Pinia, and Vue Router

By Pablo David Garaguso
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Book May 2023 296 pages 1st Edition
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Product Details

Publication date : May 30, 2023
Length 296 pages
Edition : 1st Edition
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781803238074
Category :
Programming
Languages :
JavaScript (Intermediate)
Concepts :
Design Patterns
Tools :
Vue (Beginner)
Table of content icon View table of contents Preview book icon Preview Book

Vue.js 3 Design Patterns and Best Practices

The Vue 3 Framework

The world wide web of today has changed by many magnitudes since the early days when the internet was just a collection of linked pages for academic and scientific purposes. As the technology evolved and machines became more powerful, more and more features were added to the earlier protocols, and new techniques and technologies competed until finally, standards were adopted. Extra functionality came in the form of plugins for the browser and embedded content. Java applets, Flash, Macromedia, Quicktime, and other plugins were common. It was with the arrival of HTML5 that most, if not all, of these were gradually replaced by standards.

Today, a clear distinction exists between structure, style, and behavior. Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) defines the structural elements that make up a web page. Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) provides rules that modify the appearance of HTML elements, including even animations and transformations. And finally, JavaScript is the...

The progressive framework

Before we describe what Vue is, we need to make the distinction between the terms library and framework. These are often used interchangeably, but there is a difference, and a good developer should be aware of this when choosing one or the other to build a web application.

Let’s have a look at the definitions of these terms:

  • A library is a collection of reusable code, in the form of functions, classes, and so on, that have been developed by someone else and can be easily imported into your program. It does not prescribe how and where to use it, but normally, they provide documentation on how to use them. It is up to the programmer to decide when and how to implement them. This concept exists in most development languages, to the point that some of them are completely based on the notion of importing libraries to provide functionality.
  • A framework also has bundles of classes and functions for your use but prescribes specifications that...

Using Vue in your web application

There are several options to use Vue in your web application, and it largely depends on what your objective is:

  • To include a small self-contained application or piece of code on a page, you can directly import Vue and code inside a script tag
  • To build a larger application, you will need a build tool that takes your code and bundles it for distribution

Notice that I use the word bundle and not compile, as JavaScript applications are interpreted and executed at runtime on the browser. This will become apparent later on when we introduce the concept of single-file components.

Let’s briefly see an example of the first case in a very simple HTML page:

<html>
<head>
    <script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@3"></script>
</head>
<body>
    <div id="app">
    {{message}}
    </div>...

Understanding single-file components

As you may have guessed, the App.vue file mentioned before is a single-file component (SFC), one of the great contributions of Vue. In this type of file, we can describe the HTML, CSS, and JavaScript that defines the component. The web page is then composed in a hierarchy of components, starting from an entry point (traditionally named App.vue) down to the last customized button, if you will. We will discuss components in depth in Chapter 4, User Interface Composition with Components, but for now, keep in mind that this is the way to go, as prescribed by the framework. If you have experience in an object-oriented language, this may look familiar (and you wouldn’t be wrong).

An SFC is a plain text file with the .vue extension that contains the following sections:

<script setup>
    // Here we write our JavaScript
</scrip>
<template>
    <h1>Hello World! This is pure HTML...

Different strokes – options, composition, and script setup API

The classical way to describe a component in Vue 2 has been branded as the Options API. To maintain backward compatibility, the same syntax is also supported in Vue 3. However, there is also a new syntax named the Composition API, which is what we will use in this book.

The Options API is inherited from Vue 2 and prescribes that a component is defined by an object with defined fields, none of which is actually mandatory. Moreover, some of them have defined parameters and expected outputs. For example, these are the most common fields to use (also, a non-exclusive list):

  • data should be a function that returns an object whose fields would become reactive variables.
  • methods is an object that contains our functions. These functions have access to the reactive variables from data by using the this.variableName format.
  • components is an object where each field provides a name for the template, and the...

Exploring built-in directives in Vue 3

Vue also provides special HTML attributes called directives. A directive is declared in the opening tag of an HTML element and will affect or provide dynamic behavior or functionality to that element. We can also create our own directives in Vue. Those provided by the framework have a special notation starting with v-. As for the purpose of this book, let’s explain the most commonly used Vue directives:

v-bind: (shorthand ":")

The v-bind: directive binds the value of an HTML attribute to the value of a JavaScript variable. If the variable is reactive, each time it updates its value, it will be reflected in the html. If the variable is not reactive, it will be used only once during the initial rendering of the HTML. Most often, we use only the : shorthand prefix (semi-colon). For example, the my_profile_picture reactive variable contains a web address to a picture:

<img :src="my_profile_picture">

The...

Built-in components

The framework also provides us with several built-in components that we can use without explicitly importing them into each SFC. I have provided here a small description of each one, so you can refer to the official documentation for the syntax and examples (see https://vuejs.org/api/built-in-components.html):

  • Transition and TransitionGroup are two components that can work together to provide animations and transition to elements and components. They need you to create the CSS animations and transition classes to implement the animation when inserting or removing elements into the page. They are mainly (or often) used when you are displaying a list of elements with v-for/:key or v-if/v-show directives.
  • KeepAlive is another wrapper component (meaning that it surrounds other components) used to preserve the state (internal variables, elements, etc.) when the component wrapped inside is no longer on display. Usually, component instances are cleared out...

Book code conventions

In this book, we will use a set of code conventions and guidelines that are good practices for Vue 3. They will help you not only understand the examples of this book but also the code in the wild that you may come across, as more and more developers use it. Let’s start from the beginning.

Variables and props

These are always in lowercase and spaces are replaced with an underscore, for example, total_count and person_id..

Constants

References to injected objects start with a $ (dollar) sign, for example, $router, $modals, and $notifications.

References to reactive data start with _ and are typed in snake case, for example, _total and _first_input.

References to constant values are all in capital letters, for example, OPTION and LANGUAGE_CODE.

Constructor functions for injected dependencies will start with use, for example, const $store=useStore().

Classes and component names

These are written in PascalCase (each word starts with...

Summary

This chapter has gone from the basics of libraries and frameworks to Vue 3 directives, components, and even code conventions. These concepts are still a bit abstract, so we will bring them down to implementation as we move through the rest of the book and work with real code. However, we are on safe footing now to learn about design principles and patterns in the next chapter.

Review questions

To help you consolidate the contents of this chapter, you can use these review questions:

  • What is the difference between a library and a framework?
  • Why is Vue a “progressive” framework?
  • What are single-file components?
  • What are some of the most common directives used in Vue development?
  • Why are code conventions important?

If you can answer these questions quickly in your mind, you’re good to go! If not, you may want to review the chapter briefly to make sure you have the basis to move on.

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Key benefits

  • Learn software engineering best practices and design patterns and apply them effectively to your Vue applications
  • Build both SPAs and PWAs using Web Workers and IndexedDB
  • Develop, test, build, and deploy your Vue 3 applications to a real production server

Description

If you’re familiar with the progressive Vue framework for creating responsive user interfaces, you’ll be impressed with its latest iteration, Vue 3, which introduces new concepts and approaches design patterns that are uncommon in other libraries or frameworks. By building on your foundational knowledge of Vue 3 and software engineering principles, this book will enable you to evaluate the trade-offs of different approaches to building robust applications. This book covers Vue 3 from the basics, including components and directives, and progressively moves on to more advanced topics such as routing, state management, web workers, and offline storage. Starting with a simple page, you’ll gradually build a fully functional multithreaded, offline, and installable progressive web application. By the time you finish reading this Vue book, not only will you have learned how to build applications, but you’ll also understand how to solve common problems efficiently by applying existing design patterns. With this knowledge, you’ll avoid reinventing the wheel for every project, saving time and creating software that’s adaptable to future changes.

What you will learn

What is the Vue 3 progressive framework What are software principles and design patterns, how and when to implement them, and the trade-offs to consider Setup your development environment using the new Vite bundler Integrate in your applications state management, routing, multithreading, offline storage, and other resources provided to you by the browser, seldom taken advantage Apply and identify design patterns to solve common problems in the architecture of your web application Best practices for your code, organization, architecture, and user experience implementation Incrementally expand an application with new functionalities without re-writing the whole application each time

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Product Details

Publication date : May 30, 2023
Length 296 pages
Edition : 1st Edition
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781803238074
Category :
Programming
Languages :
JavaScript (Intermediate)
Concepts :
Design Patterns
Tools :
Vue (Beginner)

Table of Contents

16 Chapters
Preface Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Preface
Who this book is for
What this book covers
To get the most out of this book
Download the example code files
Code in Action
Download the color images
Conventions used
Get in touch
Share Your Thoughts
1. Chapter 1: The Vue 3 Framework Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 1: The Vue 3 Framework
The progressive framework
Using Vue in your web application
Understanding single-file components
Different strokes – options, composition, and script setup API
Exploring built-in directives in Vue 3
Built-in components
Book code conventions
Summary
Review questions
2. Chapter 2: Software Design Principles and Patterns Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 2: Software Design Principles and Patterns
What are the principles of software design?
A non-exclusive list of design principles
What is a software design pattern?
A quick reference list of patterns
Summary
Review questions
3. Chapter 3: Setting Up a Working Project Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 3: Setting Up a Working Project
Technical requirements
Project setup and tools
Folder structure and modifications
Integration with CSS frameworks
FontAwesome is just awesome
Vite configuration options
The To-Do app
Summary
Review questions
4. Chapter 4: User Interface Composition with Components Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 4: User Interface Composition with Components
Technical requirements
Page composition with components
Components in depth
Special components
A real-world example – a modals plugin
Implementing our new To-Do application
A small critique of our new To-Do application
Summary
Review questions
5. Chapter 5: Single-Page Applications Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 5: Single-Page Applications
Technical requirements
What is a SPA?
The Vue 3 router
Exploring authentication patterns
Summary
Review questions
6. Chapter 6: Progressive Web Applications Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 6: Progressive Web Applications
Technical requirements
PWAs or installable SPAs
Upscaling a SPA into a PWA
Service workers
Vite-PWA plugin
Testing your PWA score with Google Lighthouse
Summary
Review questions
7. Chapter 7: Data Flow Management Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 7: Data Flow Management
Technical requirements
Components’ basic communication
Implementing an event bus with the Singleton and Observer patterns
Implementing a basic reactive state
Implementing a powerful reactive store with Pinia
Browser data stores – session, local, and IndexedDB
Experimenting with reactivity and Proxies patterns
Summary
Review questions
8. Chapter 8: Multithreading with Web Workers Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 8: Multithreading with Web Workers
Technical requirements
An introduction to web workers
The business delegate pattern
The dispatcher pattern
Establishing a communication pipeline with the web worker
Accessing IndexedDB with DexieJS in the web worker
Consuming a RESTful API with the web worker
A simple NodeJS server for testing
Summary
Review questions
9. Chapter 9: Testing and Source Control Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 9: Testing and Source Control
Technical requirements
What are testing and TDD
What to test
Our base example application
Installation and use of Vitest
Installation of Vue Test Utils
In-source testing
Coverage
The Vitest UI
What is source control... and why?
Source control with Git
Continuous Integration and Delivery
Summary
Review questions
10. Chapter 10: Deploying Your Application Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 10: Deploying Your Application
Technical requirements
What is involved in publishing a web application?
Considerations for building our application for deployment
Web server options and configurations
Transferring your files to the server
Protecting your web application with Let’s Encrypt
Summary
Review questions
11. Chapter 11: Bonus Chapter - UX Patterns Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 11: Bonus Chapter - UX Patterns
Technical requirements
UI design versus UX design
The principles of UI design
Common patterns for data manipulation
Common patterns for data visualization
Common patterns for interaction and navigation
Common patterns for content organization
Dark patterns
Summary
Review questions
12. Final words Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Final words
Where to go from here
Finally...
13. Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index
Why subscribe?
14. Other Books You May Enjoy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Other Books You May Enjoy
Packt is searching for authors like you
Share Your Thoughts
Download a free PDF copy of this book
Appendix: Migrating from Vue 2 Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Appendix: Migrating from Vue 2
A different way to bootstrap and start the application
Register global components, plugins, and so on
The data property is now always a function
There are more reactive options to choose from
Changes to v-model, props, and events
Removed old browser compatibility
Changes in directory and file organization
Changes in the router and state management
New components and other changes
Other breaking changes
Summary

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