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Mastering Apache Cassandra 3.x
Mastering Apache Cassandra 3.x

Mastering Apache Cassandra 3.x: An expert guide to improving database scalability and availability without compromising performance , Third Edition

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Mastering Apache Cassandra 3.x

Quick Start

Welcome to the world of Apache Cassandra! In this first chapter, we will briefly introduce Cassandra, along with a quick, step-by-step process to get your own single-node cluster up and running. Even if you already have experience working with Cassandra, this chapter will help to provide assurance that you are building everything properly. If this is your first foray into Cassandra, then get ready to take your first steps into a larger world.

In this chapter, we will cover the following topics:

  • Introduction to Cassandra
  • Installation and configuration
  • Starting up and shutting down Cassandra
  • Cassandra Cluster Manager (CCM)

By the end of this chapter, you will have built a single-node cluster of Apache Cassandra. This will be a good exercise to help you start to see some of the configuration and thought that goes into building a larger cluster. As this chapter progresses and the material gets more complex, you will start to connect the dots and understand exactly what is happening between installation, operation, and development.

Introduction to Cassandra

Apache Cassandra is a highly available, distributed, partitioned row store. It is one of the more popular NoSQL databases used by both small and large companies all over the world to store and efficiently retrieve large amounts of data. While there are licensed, proprietary versions available (which include enterprise support), Cassandra is also a top-level project of the Apache Software Foundation, and has deep roots in the open source community. This makes Cassandra a proven and battle-tested approach to scaling high-throughput applications.

High availability

Cassandra's design is premised on the points outlined in the Dynamo: Amazon's Highly Available Key-value Store paper (https://www.allthingsdistributed.com/files/amazon-dynamo-sosp2007.pdf). Specifically, when you have large networks of interconnected hardware, something is always in a state of failure. In reality, every piece of hardware being in a healthy state is the exception, rather than the rule. Therefore, it is important that a data storage system is able to deal with (and account for) issues such as network or disk failure.

Depending on the Replication Factor (RF) and required consistency level, a Cassandra cluster is capable of sustaining operations with one or two nodes in a failure state. For example, let's assume that a cluster with a single data center has a keyspace configured for a RF of three. This means that the cluster contains three copies of each row of data. If an application queries with a consistency level of one, then it can still function properly with one or two nodes in a down state.

Distributed

Cassandra is known as a distributed database. A Cassandra cluster is a collection of nodes (individual instances running Cassandra) all working together to serve the same dataset. Nodes can also be grouped together into logical data centers. This is useful for providing data locality for an application or service layer, as well as for working with Cassandra instances that have been deployed in different regions of a public cloud.

Cassandra clusters can scale to suit both expanding disk footprint and higher operational throughput. Essentially, this means that each cluster becomes responsible for a smaller percentage of the total data size. Assuming that the 500 GB disks of a six node cluster (RF of three) start to reach their maximum capacity, then adding three more nodes (for a total of nine) accomplishes the following:

  • Brings the total disk available to the cluster up from 3 TB to 4.5 TB
  • The percentage of data that each node is responsible for drops from 50% down to 33%

Additionally, let's assume that before the expansion of the cluster (from the prior example), the cluster was capable of supporting 5,000 operations per second. Cassandra scales linearly to support operational throughput. After increasing the cluster from six nodes to nine, the cluster should then be expected to support 7,500 operations per second.

Partitioned row store

In Cassandra, rows of data are stored in tables based on the hashed value of the partition key, called a token. Each node in the cluster is assigned multiple token ranges, and rows are stored on nodes that are responsible for their tokens.

Each keyspace (collection of tables) can be assigned a RF. The RF designates how many copies of each row should be stored in each data center. If a keyspace has a RF of three, then each node is assigned primary, secondary, and tertiary token ranges. As data is written, it is written to all of the nodes that are responsible for its token.

Installation

To get started with Cassandra quickly, we'll step through a single-node, local installation.

The following are the requirements to run Cassandra locally:

  • A flavor of Linux or macOS
  • A system with between 4 GB and 16 GB of random access memory (RAM)
  • A local installation of the Java Development Kit (JDK) version 8, latest patch
  • A local installation of Python 2.7 (for cqlsh)
  • Your user must have sudo rights to your local system
While you don't need to have sudo rights to run Apache Cassandra, it is required for some of the operating system configurations.
Apache Cassandra 3.11.2 breaks with JDK 1.8.0_161. Make sure to use either an older or newer version of the JDK.

Head to the Apache download site for the Cassandra project (http://cassandra.apache.org/download/), choose 3.11.2, and select a mirror to download the latest version of Cassandra. When complete, copy the .tar or .gzip file to a location that your user has read and write permissions for. This example will assume that this is going to be the ~/local/ directory:

mkdir ~/local
cd ~/local
cp ~/Downloads/apache-cassandra-3.11.2-bin.tar.gz .

Untar the file to create your cassandra directory:

tar -zxvf apache-cassandra-3.11.2-bin.tar.gz

Some people prefer to rename this directory, like so:

mv apache-cassandra-3.11.2/ cassandra/

Configuration

At this point, you could start your node with no further configuration. However, it is good to get into the habit of checking and adjusting the properties that are indicated as follows.

cassandra.yaml

It is usually a good idea to rename your cluster. Inside the conf/cassandra.yaml file, specify a new cluster_name property, overwriting the default Test Cluster:

cluster_name: 'PermanentWaves'

The num_tokens property default of 256 has proven to be too high for the newer, 3.x versions of Cassandra. Go ahead and set that to 24:

num_tokens: 24

To enable user security, change the authenticator and authorizer properties (from their defaults) to the following values:

authenticator: PasswordAuthenticator
authorizer: CassandraAuthorizer
Cassandra installs with all security disabled by default. Even if you are not concerned with security on your local system, it makes sense to enable it to get used to working with authentication and authorization from a development perspective.

By default, Cassandra will come up bound to localhost or 127.0.0.1. For your own local development machine, this is probably fine. However, if you want to build a multi-node cluster, you will want to bind to your machine's IP address. For this example, I will use 192.168.0.101. To configure the node to bind to this IP, adjust the listen_address and rpc_address properties:

listen_address: 192.168.0.101
rpc_address: 192.168.0.101

If you set listen_address and rpc_address, you'll also need to adjust your seed list (defaults to 127.0.0.1) as well:

seeds: 192.168.0.101

I will also adjust my endpoint_snitch property to use GossipingPropertyFileSnitch:

endpoint_snitch: GossipingPropertyFileSnitch

cassandra-rackdc.properties

In terms of NoSQL databases, Apache Cassandra handles multi-data center awareness better than any other. To configure this, each node must use GossipingPropertyFileSnitch (as previously mentioned in the preceding cassandra.yaml configuration process) and must have its local data center (and rack) settings defined. Therefore, I will set the dc and rack properties in the conf/cassandra-rackdc.properties file:

dc=ClockworkAngels
rack=R40

Starting Cassandra

To start Cassandra locally, execute the Cassandra script. If no arguments are passed, it will run in the foreground. To have it run in the background, send the -p flag with a destination file for the Process ID (PID):

cd cassandra
bin/cassandra -p cassandra.pid

This will store the PID of the Cassandra process in a file named cassandra.pid in the local/cassandra directory. Several messages will be dumped to the screen. The node is successfully running when you see this message:

Starting listening for CQL clients on localhost/192.168.0.101:9042 (unencrypted).

This can also be verified with the nodetool status command:

bin/nodetool status

Datacenter: ClockworkAngels
===========================
Status=Up/Down
|/ State=Normal/Leaving/Joining/Moving
-- Address Load Tokens Owns (effective) Host ID Rack
UN 192.168.0.101 71.26 KiB 24 100.0% 0edb5efa... R40

Cassandra Cluster Manager

If you want an even faster way to install Cassandra, you can use an open source tool called CCM. CCM installs Cassandra for you, with very minimal configuration. In addition to ease of installation, CCM also allows you to run multiple Cassandra nodes locally.

First, let's clone the CCM repository from GitHub, and cd into the directory:

git clone https://github.com/riptano/ccm.git
cd ccm

Next, we'll run the setup program to install CCM:

sudo ./setup.py install

To verify that my local cluster is working, I'll invoke nodetool status via node1:

ccm node1 status

Datacenter: datacenter1
=======================
Status=Up/Down
|/ State=Normal/Leaving/Joining/Moving
-- Address Load Tokens Owns (effective) Host ID Rack
UN 127.0.0.1 100.56 KiB 1 66.7% 49ecc8dd... rack1
UN 127.0.0.2 34.81 KiB 1 66.7% 404a8f97... rack1
UN 127.0.0.3 34.85 KiB 1 66.7% eed33fc5... rack1

To shut down your cluster, go ahead and send the stop command to each node:

ccm stop node1
ccm stop node2
ccm stop node3

Note that CCM requires a working installation of Python 2.7 or later, as well as a few additional libraries (pyYAML, six, ant, and psutil), and local IPs 127.0.0.1 through 127.0.0.3 to be available. Visit https://github.com/riptano/ccm for more information.

Using CCM actually changes many of the commands that we will follow in this book. While it is a great tool for quickly spinning up a small cluster for demonstration purposes, it can complicate the process of learning how to use Cassandra.

A quick introduction to the data model

Now that we have a Cassandra cluster running on our local machine, we will demonstrate its use with some quick examples. We will start with cqlsh, and use that as our primary means of working with the Cassandra data model.

Using Cassandra with cqlsh

To start working with Cassandra, let's start the Cassandra Query Language (CQL) shell . The shell interface will allow us to execute CQL commands to define, query, and modify our data. As this is a new cluster and we have turned on authentication and authorization, we will use the default cassandra and cassandra username and password, as follows:

bin/cqlsh 192.168.0.101 -u cassandra -p cassandra

Connected to PermanentWaves at 192.168.0.101:9042.
[cqlsh 5.0.1 | Cassandra 3.11.2 | CQL spec 3.4.4 | Native protocol v4]
Use HELP for help.
cassandra@cqlsh>

First, let's tighten up security. Let's start by creating a new superuser to work with.

New users can only be created if authentication and authorization are properly set in the cassandra.yaml file:

cassandra@cqlsh> CREATE ROLE cassdba WITH PASSWORD='flynnLives' AND LOGIN=true and SUPERUSER=true;

Now, set the default cassandra user to something long and indecipherable. You shouldn't need to use it ever again:

cassandra@cqlsh> ALTER ROLE cassandra WITH PASSWORD='dsfawesomethingdfhdfshdlongandindecipherabledfhdfh';

Then, exit cqlsh using the exit command and log back in as the new cassdba user:

cassandra@cqlsh> exit
bin/cqlsh 192.168.0.101 -u cassdba -p flynnLives

Connected to PermanentWaves at 192.168.0.101:9042.
[cqlsh 5.0.1 | Cassandra 3.11.2 | CQL spec 3.4.4 | Native protocol v4]
Use HELP for help.
cassdba@cqlsh>

Now, let's create a new keyspace where we can put our tables, as follows:

cassdba@cqlsh> CREATE KEYSPACE packt WITH replication =
{'class': 'NetworkTopologyStrategy', 'ClockworkAngels': '1'}
AND durable_writes = true;
For those of you who have used Cassandra before, you might be tempted to build your local keyspaces with SimpleStrategy. SimpleStrategy has no benefits over NetworkTopologyStrategy, and is limited in that it cannot be used in a plural data center environment. Therefore, it is a good idea to get used to using it on your local instance as well.

With the newly created keyspace, let's go ahead and use it:

cassdba@cqlsh> use packt;
cassdba@cqlsh:packt>
The cqlsh prompt changes depending on the user and keyspace currently being used.

Now, let's assume that we have a requirement to build a table for video game scores. We will want to keep track of the player by their name, as well as their score and game on which they achieved it. A table to store this data would look something like this:

CREATE TABLE hi_scores (name TEXT, game TEXT, score BIGINT,
PRIMARY KEY (name,game));

Next, we will INSERT data into the table, which will help us understand some of Cassandra's behaviors:

INSERT INTO hi_scores (name, game, score) VALUES ('Dad','Pacman',182330);
INSERT INTO hi_scores (name, game, score) VALUES ('Dad','Burgertime',222000);
INSERT INTO hi_scores (name, game, score) VALUES ('Dad','Frogger',15690);
INSERT INTO hi_scores (name, game, score) VALUES ('Dad','Joust',48150);
INSERT INTO hi_scores (name, game, score) VALUES ('Connor','Pacman',182330);
INSERT INTO hi_scores (name, game, score) VALUES ('Connor','Monkey Kong',15800);
INSERT INTO hi_scores (name, game, score) VALUES ('Connor','Frogger',4220);
INSERT INTO hi_scores (name, game, score) VALUES ('Connor','Joust',48850);
INSERT INTO hi_scores (name, game, score) VALUES ('Avery','Galaga',28880);
INSERT INTO hi_scores (name, game, score) VALUES ('Avery','Burgertime',1200);
INSERT INTO hi_scores (name, game, score) VALUES ('Avery','Frogger',1100);
INSERT INTO hi_scores (name, game, score) VALUES ('Avery','Joust',19520);

Now, let's execute a CQL query to retrieve the scores of the player named Connor:

cassdba@cqlsh:packt> SELECT * FROM hi_scores WHERE name='Connor';
name | game | score
--------+-------------+--------
Connor | Frogger | 4220
Connor | Joust | 48850
Connor | Monkey Kong | 15800
Connor | Pacman | 182330
(4 rows)

That works pretty well. But what if we want to see how all of the players did while playing the Joust game, as follows:

cassdba@cqlsh:packt> SELECT * FROM hi_scores WHERE game='Joust';

InvalidRequest: Error from server: code=2200 [Invalid query] message="Cannot execute this query as it might involve data filtering and thus may have unpredictable performance. If you want to execute this query despite the performance unpredictability, use ALLOW FILTERING"
As stated in the preceding error message, this query could be solved by adding the ALLOW FILTERING directive. Queries using ALLOW FILTERING are notorious for performing poorly, so it is a good idea to build your data model so that you do not use it.

Evidently, Cassandra has some problems with that query. We'll discuss more about why that is the case later on. But, for now, let's build a table that specifically supports querying high scores by game:

CREATE TABLE hi_scores_by_game (name TEXT, game TEXT, score BIGINT,
PRIMARY KEY (game,score)) WITH CLUSTERING ORDER BY (score DESC);

Now, we will duplicate our data into our new query table:

INSERT INTO hi_scores_by_game (name, game, score) VALUES ('Dad','Pacman',182330);
INSERT INTO hi_scores_by_game (name, game, score) VALUES ('Dad','Burgertime',222000);
INSERT INTO hi_scores_by_game (name, game, score) VALUES ('Dad','Frogger',15690);
INSERT INTO hi_scores_by_game (name, game, score) VALUES ('Dad','Joust',48150);
INSERT INTO hi_scores_by_game (name, game, score) VALUES ('Connor','Pacman',182330);
INSERT INTO hi_scores_by_game (name, game, score) VALUES ('Connor','Monkey Kong',15800);
INSERT INTO hi_scores_by_game (name, game, score) VALUES ('Connor','Frogger',4220);
INSERT INTO hi_scores_by_game (name, game, score) VALUES ('Connor','Joust',48850);
INSERT INTO hi_scores_by_game (name, game, score) VALUES ('Avery','Galaga',28880);
INSERT INTO hi_scores_by_game (name, game, score) VALUES ('Avery','Burgertime',1200);
INSERT INTO hi_scores_by_game (name, game, score) VALUES ('Avery','Frogger',1100);
INSERT INTO hi_scores_by_game (name, game, score) VALUES ('Avery','Joust',19520);

Now, let's try to query while filtering on game with our new table:

cassdba@cqlsh:packt> SELECT * FROM hi_scores_by_game
WHERE game='Joust';
game | score | name
-------+-------+--------
Joust | 48850 | Connor
Joust | 48150 | Dad
Joust | 19520 | Avery
(3 rows)

As mentioned previously, the following chapters will discuss why and when Cassandra only allows certain PRIMARY KEY components to be used in the WHERE clause. The important thing to remember at this point is that in Cassandra, tables and data structures should be modeled according to the queries that they are intended to serve.

Shutting down Cassandra

Before shutting down your cluster instances, there are some additional commands that should be run. Again, with your own, local node(s), these are not terribly necessary. But it is a good idea to get used to running these, should you ever need to properly shut down a production node that may contain data that people actually care about.

First, we will disable gossip. This keeps other nodes from communicating with the node while we are trying to bring it down:

bin/nodetool disablegossip

Next, we will disable the native binary protocol to keep this node from serving client requests:

bin/nodetool disablebinary

Then, we will drain the node. This will prevent it from accepting writes, and force all in-memory data to be written to disk:

bin/nodetool drain

With the node drained, we can kill the PID:

kill 'cat cassandra.pid'

We can verify that the node has stopped by tailing the log:

tail logs/system.log

INFO [RMI TCP Connection(2)-127.0.0.1] 2018-03-31 17:49:05,789 StorageService.java:2292 - Node localhost/192.168.0.101 state jump to shutdown
INFO [RMI TCP Connection(4)-127.0.0.1] 2018-03-31 17:49:49,492 Server.java:176 - Stop listening for CQL clients
INFO [RMI TCP Connection(6)-127.0.0.1] 2018-03-31 17:50:11,312 StorageService.java:1449 - DRAINING: starting drain process
INFO [RMI TCP Connection(6)-127.0.0.1] 2018-03-31 17:50:11,313 HintsService.java:220 - Paused hints dispatch
INFO [RMI TCP Connection(6)-127.0.0.1] 2018-03-31 17:50:11,314 Gossiper.java:1540 - Announcing shutdown
INFO [RMI TCP Connection(6)-127.0.0.1] 2018-03-31 17:50:11,314 StorageService.java:2292 - Node localhost/192.168.0.101 state jump to shutdown
INFO [RMI TCP Connection(6)-127.0.0.1] 2018-03-31 17:50:13,315 MessagingService.java:984 - Waiting for messaging service to quiesce
INFO [ACCEPT-localhost/192.168.0.101] 2018-03-31 17:50:13,316 MessagingService.java:1338 - MessagingService has terminated the accept() thread
INFO [RMI TCP Connection(6)-127.0.0.1] 2018-03-31 17:50:14,764 HintsService.java:220 - Paused hints dispatch
INFO [RMI TCP Connection(6)-127.0.0.1] 2018-03-31 17:50:14,861 StorageService.java:1449 - DRAINED

Summary

In this chapter, we introduced Apache Cassandra and some of its design considerations and components. These aspects were discussed and a high level description of each was given, as well as how each affects things like cluster layout and data storage. Additionally, we built our own local, single-node cluster. CCM was also introduced, with minimal discussion. Some basic commands with Cassandra's nodetool were introduced and put to use.

With a single-node cluster running, the cqlsh tool was introduced. We created a keyspace that will work in a plural data center configuration. The concept of query tables was also introduced, as well as running some simple read and write operations.

In the next chapter, we will take an in-depth look at Cassandra's underlying architecture, and understand what is key to making good decisions about cluster deployment and data modeling. From there, we'll discuss various aspects to help fine-tune a production cluster and its deployment process. That will bring us to monitoring and application development, and put you well on your way to mastering Cassandra!

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Key benefits

  • Write programs more efficiently using Cassandra's features with the help of examples
  • Configure Cassandra and fine-tune its parameters depending on your needs
  • Integrate Cassandra database with Apache Spark and build strong data analytics pipeline

Description

With ever-increasing rates of data creation, the demand for storing data fast and reliably becomes a need. Apache Cassandra is the perfect choice for building fault-tolerant and scalable databases. Mastering Apache Cassandra 3.x teaches you how to build and architect your clusters, configure and work with your nodes, and program in a high-throughput environment, helping you understand the power of Cassandra as per the new features. Once you’ve covered a brief recap of the basics, you’ll move on to deploying and monitoring a production setup and optimizing and integrating it with other software. You’ll work with the advanced features of CQL and the new storage engine in order to understand how they function on the server-side. You’ll explore the integration and interaction of Cassandra components, followed by discovering features such as token allocation algorithm, CQL3, vnodes, lightweight transactions, and data modelling in detail. Last but not least you will get to grips with Apache Spark. By the end of this book, you’ll be able to analyse big data, and build and manage high-performance databases for your application.

Who is this book for?

Mastering Apache Cassandra 3.x is for you if you are a big data administrator, database administrator, architect, or developer who wants to build a high-performing, scalable, and fault-tolerant database. Prior knowledge of core concepts of databases is required.

What you will learn

  • Write programs more efficiently using Cassandra s features more efficiently
  • Exploit the given infrastructure, improve performance, and tweak the Java Virtual Machine (JVM)
  • Use CQL3 in your application in order to simplify working with Cassandra
  • Configure Cassandra and fine-tune its parameters depending on your needs
  • Set up a cluster and learn how to scale it
  • Monitor a Cassandra cluster in different ways
  • Use Apache Spark and other big data processing tools
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Table of Contents

11 Chapters
Quick Start Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Cassandra Architecture Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Effective CQL Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Configuring a Cluster Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Performance Tuning Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Managing a Cluster Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Monitoring Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Application Development Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Integration with Apache Spark Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
References Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Other Books You May Enjoy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
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  16. Ukraine
  17. Venezuela
What is custom duty/charge? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customs duty are charges levied on goods when they cross international borders. It is a tax that is imposed on imported goods. These duties are charged by special authorities and bodies created by local governments and are meant to protect local industries, economies, and businesses.

Do I have to pay customs charges for the print book order? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

The orders shipped to the countries that are listed under EU27 will not bear custom charges. They are paid by Packt as part of the order.

List of EU27 countries: www.gov.uk/eu-eea:

A custom duty or localized taxes may be applicable on the shipment and would be charged by the recipient country outside of the EU27 which should be paid by the customer and these duties are not included in the shipping charges been charged on the order.

How do I know my custom duty charges? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

The amount of duty payable varies greatly depending on the imported goods, the country of origin and several other factors like the total invoice amount or dimensions like weight, and other such criteria applicable in your country.

For example:

  • If you live in Mexico, and the declared value of your ordered items is over $ 50, for you to receive a package, you will have to pay additional import tax of 19% which will be $ 9.50 to the courier service.
  • Whereas if you live in Turkey, and the declared value of your ordered items is over € 22, for you to receive a package, you will have to pay additional import tax of 18% which will be € 3.96 to the courier service.
How can I cancel my order? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Cancellation Policy for Published Printed Books:

You can cancel any order within 1 hour of placing the order. Simply contact customercare@packt.com with your order details or payment transaction id. If your order has already started the shipment process, we will do our best to stop it. However, if it is already on the way to you then when you receive it, you can contact us at customercare@packt.com using the returns and refund process.

Please understand that Packt Publishing cannot provide refunds or cancel any order except for the cases described in our Return Policy (i.e. Packt Publishing agrees to replace your printed book because it arrives damaged or material defect in book), Packt Publishing will not accept returns.

What is your returns and refunds policy? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Return Policy:

We want you to be happy with your purchase from Packtpub.com. We will not hassle you with returning print books to us. If the print book you receive from us is incorrect, damaged, doesn't work or is unacceptably late, please contact Customer Relations Team on customercare@packt.com with the order number and issue details as explained below:

  1. If you ordered (eBook, Video or Print Book) incorrectly or accidentally, please contact Customer Relations Team on customercare@packt.com within one hour of placing the order and we will replace/refund you the item cost.
  2. Sadly, if your eBook or Video file is faulty or a fault occurs during the eBook or Video being made available to you, i.e. during download then you should contact Customer Relations Team within 14 days of purchase on customercare@packt.com who will be able to resolve this issue for you.
  3. You will have a choice of replacement or refund of the problem items.(damaged, defective or incorrect)
  4. Once Customer Care Team confirms that you will be refunded, you should receive the refund within 10 to 12 working days.
  5. If you are only requesting a refund of one book from a multiple order, then we will refund you the appropriate single item.
  6. Where the items were shipped under a free shipping offer, there will be no shipping costs to refund.

On the off chance your printed book arrives damaged, with book material defect, contact our Customer Relation Team on customercare@packt.com within 14 days of receipt of the book with appropriate evidence of damage and we will work with you to secure a replacement copy, if necessary. Please note that each printed book you order from us is individually made by Packt's professional book-printing partner which is on a print-on-demand basis.

What tax is charged? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Currently, no tax is charged on the purchase of any print book (subject to change based on the laws and regulations). A localized VAT fee is charged only to our European and UK customers on eBooks, Video and subscriptions that they buy. GST is charged to Indian customers for eBooks and video purchases.

What payment methods can I use? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

You can pay with the following card types:

  1. Visa Debit
  2. Visa Credit
  3. MasterCard
  4. PayPal
What is the delivery time and cost of print books? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Shipping Details

USA:

'

Economy: Delivery to most addresses in the US within 10-15 business days

Premium: Trackable Delivery to most addresses in the US within 3-8 business days

UK:

Economy: Delivery to most addresses in the U.K. within 7-9 business days.
Shipments are not trackable

Premium: Trackable delivery to most addresses in the U.K. within 3-4 business days!
Add one extra business day for deliveries to Northern Ireland and Scottish Highlands and islands

EU:

Premium: Trackable delivery to most EU destinations within 4-9 business days.

Australia:

Economy: Can deliver to P. O. Boxes and private residences.
Trackable service with delivery to addresses in Australia only.
Delivery time ranges from 7-9 business days for VIC and 8-10 business days for Interstate metro
Delivery time is up to 15 business days for remote areas of WA, NT & QLD.

Premium: Delivery to addresses in Australia only
Trackable delivery to most P. O. Boxes and private residences in Australia within 4-5 days based on the distance to a destination following dispatch.

India:

Premium: Delivery to most Indian addresses within 5-6 business days

Rest of the World:

Premium: Countries in the American continent: Trackable delivery to most countries within 4-7 business days

Asia:

Premium: Delivery to most Asian addresses within 5-9 business days

Disclaimer:
All orders received before 5 PM U.K time would start printing from the next business day. So the estimated delivery times start from the next day as well. Orders received after 5 PM U.K time (in our internal systems) on a business day or anytime on the weekend will begin printing the second to next business day. For example, an order placed at 11 AM today will begin printing tomorrow, whereas an order placed at 9 PM tonight will begin printing the day after tomorrow.


Unfortunately, due to several restrictions, we are unable to ship to the following countries:

  1. Afghanistan
  2. American Samoa
  3. Belarus
  4. Brunei Darussalam
  5. Central African Republic
  6. The Democratic Republic of Congo
  7. Eritrea
  8. Guinea-bissau
  9. Iran
  10. Lebanon
  11. Libiya Arab Jamahriya
  12. Somalia
  13. Sudan
  14. Russian Federation
  15. Syrian Arab Republic
  16. Ukraine
  17. Venezuela