Introduction

Deep learning is a specific branch of machine learning modeled after the human brain, commonly referred to as neural networks.

The human brain works by transferring external stimuli through a vast network of neurons. These neurons work together to produce a desired output. For instance, when you are driving a car and your eye detects a red light, the neurons in your brain work together to rapidly output a request to stop the car. This request is based on optimizing past data that your brain has received.

According to the National Library of Medicine (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2776484/), the most advanced human brains contain approximately 100 billion neurons. This is a very deep network. The general idea behind deep learning is to emulate the human brain by creating a deep algorithmic network that responds to incoming data.

Machine learning started with neural networks when Frank Rosenblatt’s 1958 Perceptron demonstrated 100% efficiency...