Answers

1. Haskell is a lazy, purely FP language that is both principled and nimble.
2. Parentheses are used for overriding or disambiguating the precedence of function and operator applications.
3. Because the Int type uses a fixed-size representation, it has a bounded range and wraps around when going beyond that range. In contrast, because the size of an Integer value is not fixed, it can be arbitrarily large.
4. The type checker makes sure that function definitions conform to their type signature and that function calls likewise respect that type signature. It also disambiguates overloaded functions and operators, and can automatically infer type signatures when none are given.
5. Haskell provides two different syntaxes for this. With let… in…, we can define a local function anywhere in an expression. In contrast, a where clause can define a function local to an equation.