Understanding RTOS use cases and features

An RTOS is specialized software that manages tasks with precise timing requirements, ensuring timely execution in embedded systems and applications. It is designed for applications where a predictable response time is critical, such as in robotics and industrial control systems (ICS).

To understand an RTOS, we will take an example of the approach that we have taken in this book of the “super loop architecture,” in which the main program consists of a continuous loop (a “super loop” or loop() function) that executes sequentially. This loop repeatedly performs tasks, checks conditions, and responds to events, as can be seen in Figure 9.1:

Figure 9.1 – Super loop architecture

In contrast, an RTOS allows for the concurrent execution of multiple tasks. In the case of a multi-core processor, true multitasking is achievable, as can be seen in Figure 9.2, while on a single-core processor...

PlatformIO – an alternative to the Arduino IDE

PlatformIO is an open source development ecosystem that simplifies embedded systems development, including the ESP32 microcontroller, and is an alternative to the Arduino IDE, which developers often use. Unlike the Arduino IDE, which is more beginner-friendly and limited in features, PlatformIO provides a more robust and versatile environment for embedded systems development.

It supports a wide range of microcontrollers, including ESP32, and offers advanced features such as project configuration management, a powerful build system, and integrated testing. This alternative is particularly popular among experienced developers seeking a more flexible and efficient development workflow for their ESP32 projects.

One key benefit of using PlatformIO is that developers can seamlessly develop ESP32 applications using either the Arduino core or ESP-IDF within the same IDE, offering them the flexibility to choose the framework that best...

A complete IoT embedded and software roadmap

In Chapter 1, we discussed the IoT four-layer architecture, including the sensing, networking, data processing, and application layers. The first three chapters explained the sensing layer of IoT, in which we learned about the communication protocols used by sensors and how to interface different sensors with ESP32. Chapter 4 explained network protocols such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), and cellular communication, and in Chapter 5, we learned about data protocols such as HTTP, MQTT, and Webhooks. Furthermore, we completed three projects that explained how data is processed, manipulated, and presented in the form of visualization. This cumulative approach lays a robust foundation for IoT development.

Moving forward from our foundational discussions, this section unveils a complete IoT roadmap, carefully crafted by considering various job requirements in these fields. The roadmap is neatly split into two categories: IoT embedded...

Summary

In this concluding chapter, we have dived into a comprehensive comparison between the ESP32 Arduino core and ESP-IDF, gaining insights into their respective strengths and applications. Our journey led us to become acquainted with RTOSs and the versatility of PlatformIO as an IDE. Additionally, we broadened our horizons by learning about enterprise cloud services such as AWS and Azure and understanding their offerings in the IoT landscape. As we wrapped up, we introduced a final roadmap, a strategic guide to help you navigate the expansive world of IoT development, providing avenues for continuous learning and exploration beyond the domain of this book.

Furthermore, I would like to congratulate you on reaching and completing this final chapter. You’ve unlocked the potential to shape the future of interconnected technology, and as you reflect on your journey, remember that knowledge is a continuous adventure, and this accomplishment is just one milestone on your path...