How-To Tutorials

Introduction In this article we will discuss some simple promotion techniques that will make it easy for you and your site's users to bring in visitors to their blogs. You will learn how to offer RSS feeds that interested visitors can subscribe to, and how to "converse" with other bloggers via trackbacks. You will also learn how to use pings to tell blog directories that your blog has been updated and how to promote your blog on Twitter. Improved tagging Tags are a way to label content to make it easier to find later. Tags are a complement to the traditional "categories" way of organizing things. Blog owners can label a post with tags that describe the important content, making it easier for visitors and search engines to find those posts at a later date. You can add as many tags as you wish to a post, giving you extra freedom to tag subjects even if you don't think you'll be posting on that topic regularly. In this way, tags are less restrictive than categories. As an example, one of our Slayers may write a blog post on the Impending Apocalypse of 2009, where stuffed toys come to life and attempt to kill their owners. If this apocalypse was quickly averted, they may write only one blog post about it, which would be posted under the "Impending Apocalypses" category. There's no point making an entire new category for strange happenings surrounding stuffed toys, as it's unlikely to be a subject that would see many posts, but tagging the post with "apocalypse" and "stuffed toys" would help if any future Slayers encountered killer teddy bears at some point in the future. Time for action – tagging blog posts WordPress MU does have a simple, built-in form of tagging system, but it isn't very convenient to use, and many users may decide it's too much trouble to add new tags and figure out which tags to mark each blog post with. Let's offer them a more convenient and nicer looking way of doing things. Download WP Auto Tagger from http://wordpress.org/extend/plugins/wp-auto-tagger/. Upload the contents of the ZIP file to your /wp-content/plugins directory. Enable the WP-Auto Tagger Plugin on your main blog via the Site Admin panel. Try creating a new post on the main blog. Beside the main post entry box you should see some new tag tools. Clicking on the Suggest Tags button should give you a list of appropriate tags. Submit the post and then look at the main blog. You should see some tags on the front page and tags on your new post, too. Using Plugin Commander, enable the plugin for your users. Suggest tags not working?If you get the curl not enabled message when you click on suggest tags or you simply see no suggested tags appear, you will need to have your web host enable curl for you. Some web hosts disable lib-curl by default because of security concerns, but most are willing to enable it if requested to do so. What just happened? We have set up an improved tagging system that our users may find very useful. The plugin will read new blog posts and suggest tags for them, saving our users the hassle of typing out tags for each post. Of course, our users can choose to type out the tags by hand if they prefer and can delete any tags that the plugin suggests if they don't like them; however, they should find that they get some very useful inspiration from the suggest tags feature. SlayerCafe displays a list of tags on the right-hand side of the blog. Tags that appear frequently show in a bigger font than tags that are used less often. This gives visitors an overview of the main focus of each blog. Sitewide tags Now that you have tags displaying for each individual user blog, let's offer a page with a tag cloud, which includes tags from all the blogs on the site. Time for action – sitewide tag clouds Download the WordPress MU Sitewide Tags application from http://wordpress.org/extend/plugins/wordpress-mu-sitewide-tags/ Upload the plugin to your /wp-content/plugins folder. Enable the plugin via the Site Admin panel. Go to Site Options, scroll down to the bottom of the page, and check the Tags Blog box to enable tags. Check the Tags can be indexed by Search Engines box. Make a post or two on your test blogs, and then visit the tags subdomain for your site; you should see something like this: What just happened? We have just set up an improved tagging system for our users. The WP Auto Tagger plugin pulls out words that it thinks are important from blog posts and uses them as tags. The plugin isn't perfect and it does sometimes come up with silly suggestions, but users can remove tags that they don't want, or replace them with their own. The Auto Tagger plugin ensures that even users who don't take the time to pick out their own tags will still have the option on of having some kind of tagging system. Why is this important? Well, think ahead to this time next year—imagine how many posts the average user will have on their blog. Now imagine trying to find those posts by category. Athena may have made a post on SlayerCafe about the apocalypse that Watcherlicious almost caused when she read the wrong spell from the Dark Magikus book, but finding that post in the category "Impending Apocalypses" would be a time-consuming task when you consider that Athena fights to stop an apocalypse almost every week! If Athena used a tagging system, then it is likely that this particular apocalypse related post would have been tagged with "Watcherlicious" and with "Dark Magikus", making it much easier to find. We also set up a sitewide tagging system. This adds a stream of all new posts to a central blog. Watchers can keep an eye on this blog to see what's happening on a broader level, that is, what are people talking about and what are the most important issues. The most commonly appearing tags appear in a bolder, bigger font. You can see that at the moment our biggest theme is Slayers. Obviously, there's not much exciting happening on the vampire slaying front at the moment, as the Slayers are just talking amongst themselves about general slayer stuff . If the theme of conversation suddenly changed to "demonic robots", then that tag would appear prominently and the Watchers would know very quickly that there is a global demonic robot problem. The sitewide tags page is useful from a search engine perspective too, as it presents the most recent content to the search engines in one convenient place. Have a go hero – styling the tags page Our tags page at the moment looks just like a normal blog and has a rather boring name—tags.slayercafe.com. You can rename the tags page in the Site Options panel on the main blog. A better name might be "pulse" or "live-stream". The default setting indexes the last 5000 posts. This number can be changed, but don't set it too high as it could tax the server. Try customizing the layout of the Tags blog. The blog network's admin account can be used to log into the Tags blog's admin panel so that you can change the theme and make some other tweaks such as adding widgets. If you want to take things a step further, take a look at http://www.wordpress.com/tags. Here you can see a great example of a streamlined "what's hot on our network" tags page. You may have noticed that the Tags blog appears under Recent User Posts, so new posts appear twice—once by the original poster and once under Tags. Check the blog ID number of the Tags blog, and try changing the code we created earlier so that the posts to the Tags blog don't display. Using pings WordPress MU is set up to ping a service called Ping-o-Matic when new posts are made. This service is useful for English language blogs and for bloggers in America in particular because most of the services that Ping-o-Matic works with are U.S. centric. But there are other services that may be more suitable for bloggers in other countries or even blogs in specific niches. Let's look at ways to add extra ping services to our list of sites to ping for each blog. Time for action – pings Open up /wp-admin/includes/schema.php Find the line that says add_option('ping_sites', 'http://rpc.pingomatic.com/'); Change that line so that it reads add_option('ping_sites', "http://rpc.pingomatic.com/nhttp://rpc.NEWPINGSITE.TLD"); You can add multiple sites as long as you separate each URL with a n. Save and upload the file. Any future blogs will be created with the new ping sites set in Site Options. You can update existing sites either via MySQL or by using the Site Admin panel. What just happened? We have added a few extra sites to the list of ping services that will be notified when a new post is made. A ping is an example of a push mechanism. Instead of blog aggregation services having to look at all the blogs, they are listed to see which ones have new content. The blogs themselves inform the aggregators that they have been updated by sending them a ping. Ping-o-Matic is a service that receives pings and then passes them on to multiple servers. This reduces the amount of servers you have to ping, saving you time when you publish an article. However, Ping-o-Matic may not cover every site you would want to ping. We have added only two sites to the ping list— WhiteWiccaBlogs and TheWatcherNetwork. We don't want to draw too much attention from normal people on sites such as NewsNow or the My Yahoo service. Try to keep the number of individual sites you ping to a minimum. Not only is there a possibility that pinging huge numbers of sites could make adding posts take longer, pinging sites that are outside the topic of your blog is unlikely to get you any valuable traffic. It is better to focus on gaining visits from people who are actually interested in your blog network's subject. For an English language blog, using Ping-o-Matic, Technorati , and Google would be a good start. If your network is aimed at people who speak a different language, pinging local news aggregators would be a good idea. Have a go hero – more sites to ping Take a look at the list of sites in the following table, and think about the type of blog you have and the people you want to reach. The sites in the table are very general ones. You may find that there are aggregator services out there for your niche—be that houses in Singapore, computer games, or travel. A Google search for "keyword aggregator" should help you find the right kind of sites. Once you've chosen the sites you would like to ping, remember that each URL is separated by the characters n and you need to surround the entire list in double quotes (" "), not single ones (' '). Site URL FeedBurner http://ping.feedburner.com My Yahoo http://api.my.yahoo.com/rss/ping Syndic8 http://ping.syndic8.com/xmlrpc.php Myblog.jp (Japanese) http://ping.bloggers.jp/rpc/ Newsgator http://rpc.newsgator.com/ Blogg.de (German) http://xmlrpc.blogg.de/ Blogshares.com http://www.blogshares.com/rpc.php

WordPress As I mentioned before, WordPress is the biggest scoring free service that you can use. It is also the only one that doesn't allow you to spam their system and use it just for promotional actions. All the other services mentioned earlier allow you to monetize your blog or web site. Some share a portion of their revenue as well. So, if you want to make some money on the side, these services will provide you with the possibility to do so. WordPress doesn't allow you to build blogs just for Search Engine Optimization and I quote: We have a very low tolerance for blogs created purely for Search Engine Optimization or commercial purposes, machine-generated blogs, and will continue to nuke them. So if that's what you're interested in, WordPress is not for you. A self-hosted solution would be much more appropriate for you; suitable hosts can be found at http://www.wordpress.org/ hosting. Also see the following text taken from http://support.wordpress.com/advertising: This might be just one of the reasons that Google loves WORDPRESS.COM blogs. So how is it possible to use WORDPRESS.COM to promote your website? Actually, you don't. On this service you are not going the promote your site in a way that you can do on the other services. On WORDPRESS.COM you truly build a blog or site containing pages with true value to the visitors of that blog. You can create an About page where you put a link to your main website and in that way show the readers where to get more information. You can also put a link to your website in the link section (Blogroll) together with a few other relevant links that contain valid information. Blogging on WordPress and your ranking If you cannot promote your web site in a big way then what is the point of creating a blog on WORDPRESS.COM? A blog on WordPress can rank highly for the topic that you are blogging about and will give you some SEO love through those rankings. What is more important is the fact that you can take a special topic from your main web site's topic and create a blog around that. If you write your blog posts well and start to rank on that topic you will be seen as an authority on that topic and people will want to know more about you. That is the main reason to invest time to blog on WORDPRESS.COM to be recognized as an authority in your field of expertise. As you took only one topic out of all the topics that your site is about, you can do it again for another topic as well. You could also see these blogs as a collection of topic silos that create an array of highly related web sites that point to yours. This kind of link building takes time, and a lot of it! Is it worth it? Yes most certainly, and in more ways than one. With blogging you can achieve the following: An authority status if you do it right More traffic to your web site Better rankings in the search engines More insight into what the visitors of your web site are looking for To interact with other people having interest in the same topic as you Fun in writing and that will reflect on your site as you want to create more content on that site as well There is also a downside that you have to consider—it takes time away from building content on your main site and you have to cover more locations to maintain in the beginning. If you use that blog to write some timeless quality content on a niche part of your main site you will find out that you can stop maintaining those blogs after a short period of time. Remember, these are valid blogs to build incoming links to your main site! Digging deeper into WORDPRESS.COM blogs Creating a blog on WordPress is also very simple, go to WORDPRESS.COM and get a blog. Wait! Don't go yet! You need a few guidelines to start. Your initial user account name is going to be the first part of your URL, so name it right and remember, you cannot use a "-" in your username. My first account was seo4joomla so what I got was seo4joomla.wordpress.com. When you are logged in to WORDPRESS.COM and you type in the URL with a new keyword that you want (if it is not taken); you will get the option to add that blog to your account so that you can manage all of your WordPress.COM blogs from one place. Think about the title of your blog, if you want to change it later you can do that in the settings panel. Once you have your new blog, start cleaning. Delete the sample post and the comment along with it. Delete all the links in the blogroll (unless you are going to write about WordPress). Change the base post category from Uncategorized to a relevant topic name. Change the name of the links category from Blogroll to your most relevant keyword. Delete the About page and create a new one with the keywords of your blog in the title. That way your URL (page slug in WordPress) is containing the same keywords. Choose a nice theme layout that fits your topic, and if possible use a customized header. Using a customized header will give your site a slightly different look from the other WORDPRESS.COM web sites. Change the tagline in the general settings and start writing the way you do on your web site!   Using free blogging services As you saw, there are several blogging platforms and free web site building platforms that you can use to promote your web site. There are a lot more out there on the Internet, but you need to look for the ones that rank well in the search engines before you put your valued time into building a linking "empire". These services are free of charge and sometimes live on the revenue that comes from the blog content they host. If you don't want to be on such a platform where there are advertisements around your writing, don't use them. If you are afraid that you can lose your blog on such sites look for a way to make backups (for example, on WORDPRESS.COM you can use the Export function). How to minimize your blog writing time Keeping content fresh and up-to-date on all the blogs that you build is not that difficult. If you focus on blogging on your own web site, you should try to integrate the RSS Feed from your web site into those blog pages. RSS Feeds are the best possible automatic way of updating one-to-many, so use it to your advantage. Using your best content for link building Use the best articles from your web site to get into the picture of social bookmarking web sites. Find the most visited pages and the pages with the greatest number of comments, if you have a blog on your Joomla! site. Go to bookmarking sites and bookmark your pages using your own account. There are a lot of bookmarking web sites that you can use, just make sure you send your bookmarks to at least the following: Delicous Digg Reddit Newsvine Bloglines StumbleUpon These are some of the most influential ones that count towards your search engine ranking and are a great way to get traffic. Traffic from this kind of web site will come in bursts and mostly will not span a longer time period than a few days. The real power lies in the long term effect. Writing articles for links If you like writing about your passion, you can consider writing articles and submitting them to article publishing services. People are always looking for information and, if you can provide that to them in a smart way, it will help you to gain recognition as a field expert. You don't have to write long articles, but they must be informative and should give the reader an answer to a question they might have. Write those articles and submit them to services such as: www.thewhir.com www.ideamarketers.com www.goarticles.com www.ezinearticles.com Each of those services have their own "Terms of Service" that you should read before submitting your articles. They have their quality guidelines as well. The length of the article might need to be of a certain minimum or maximum number of characters. You might not be permitted to link deeper into your web site than the top level. Get that information before you choose a service to work with. Depending on the number of webmasters that will use your articles to republish, you could get a lot more incoming links from just a few well-written articles. What you should NOT do is take an old article from your site and send it as an article to be republished. That could backfire, as the services mentioned have a clause in their "Terms of Service" stating that the article is original and not published before. You should really not republish an already submitted article on your own web site, it could give your site a duplicate content penalty as that article will be published all over the Internet (with your link in it). An alternative could be that you publish some of your articles combined and rewritten into an e-book in PDF format that you give away for free from your web site.  

Time for action – animating projections Your project manager wants you to animate the perspective transform applied to the video while it is being reproduced. We are going to add a StoryBoard in XAML code to animate the PlaneProjection instance: Stay in the project, 3DInvadersSilverlight. Open MainPage.xaml and replace the PlaneProjection definition with the following line (we have to add a name to refer to it): <PlaneProjection x:Name ="proIntroduction" RotationX="-40" RotationY="15" RotationZ="-6" LocalOffsetX="-70" LocalOffsetY="-105" /> Add the following lines of code before the end of the definition of the cnvVideo Canvas: <Canvas.Resources>    <Storyboard x_Name="introductionSB">        <DoubleAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="proIntroduction"                Storyboard.TargetProperty="RotationX"                From="-40" To="0" Duration="0:0:5"                AutoReverse="False" RepeatBehavior="1x" />    </Storyboard></Canvas.Resources> Now, add the following line of code before the end of the PlayIntroductoryVideo method (to start the animation): introductionSB.Begin(); Build and run the solution. Click on the butt on and the video will start its reproduction after the transition effect. While the video is being played, the projection will be animated, as shown in the following diagram: What just happened? Now, the projection that shows the video is animated while the video is being reproduced. Working with a StoryBoard in XAML to animate a projection First, we added a name to the existing PlaneProjection (proIntroduction). Then, we were able to create a new StoryBoard with a DoubleAnimation instance as a child, with the StoryBoard's TargetName set to proIntroduction and its TargetProperty set to RotationX. Thus, the DoubleAnimation controls proIntroduction's RotationX value. The RotationX value will go from -40 to 0 in five seconds—the same time as the video's duration: From="-40" To="0" Duration="0:0:5" The animation will run once (1x) and it won't reverse its behavior: AutoReverse="False" RepeatBehavior="1x" We added the StoryBoard inside . Thus, we were able to start it by calling its Begin method, in the PlayIntroductionVideo procedure: introductionSB.Begin(); We can define StoryBoard instances and different Animation (System. Windows.Media.Animation) subclasses instances as DoubleAnimation, using XAML code. This way, we can create amazing animations for many properties of many other UIElements defined in XAML code.   Time for action – solving navigation problems When the game starts, there is an undesired side effect. The projected video appears in the right background, as shown in the following screenshot: This usually happens when working with projections. Now, we are going to solve this small problem: Stay in the 3DInvadersSilverlight project. Open MainPage.xaml.cs and add the following line before the first one in the medIntroduction_MediaEnded method: cnvVideo.Visibility = Visibility.Collapsed; Build and run the solution. Click on the button and after the video reproduction and animation, the game will start without the undesired background, as shown in the following screenshot: What just happened? Now, once the video finishes its reproduction and associated animation, we have hidden the Canvas that contains it. Hence, there are no parts of the previous animation visible when the game starts. Time for action – reproducing music Great games have appealing background music. Now, we are going to search and add background music to our game: As with other digital content, sound and music have a copyright owner and a license. Hence, we must be very careful when downloading sound and music for our games. We must read licenses before deploying our games with these digital contents embedded. One of the 3D digital artists found a very cool electro music sample for reproduction as background music. You have to pay to use it. However, you can download a free demo (Distorted velocity. 1) from http://www.musicmediatracks.com/music/Style/Electro/. Save the downloaded MP3 file (distorted_velocity._1.mp3) in the previously created media folder (C:Silverlight3DInvaders3DMedia). You can use any other MP3 sound for this exercise. The aforementioned MP3 demo is not included in the accompanying source code. Stay in the 3DInvadersSilverlight project. Right-click on the Media sub-folder in the 3DInvadersSilverlight.Web project and select Add | Existing item… from the context menu that appears. Go to the folder in which you copied the downloaded MP3 file (C:Silverlight3DInvaders3DMedia). Select the MP3 file and click on Add. This way, the audio file will be part of the web project, in the Media folder, as shown in the following screenshot: Now, add the following lines of code at the beginning of the btnStartGame button's Click event. This code will enable the new background music to start playing: // Background musicMediaElement backgroundMusic = new MediaElement();LayoutRoot.Children.Add(backgroundMusic);backgroundMusic.Volume = 0.8;backgroundMusic.Source = new Uri("Media/distorted_velocity._1.mp3", UriKind.Relative);backgroundMusic.Play(); Build and run the solution. Click on the button and turn on your speakers. You will hear the background music while the transition effect starts.

FeedBurner FeedBurner can be used to track the number of RSS feed subscribers you have and how many of those subscribers are actively engaged with your feed. Setting up FeedBurner is quite simple, although you will need to register for an account at http://feedburner.google.com. If you already have an account at the old Feedburner.com site, you can move the feeds to your Google account when you sign in. Time for action – let's burn some feeds Download the Feedburner FeedSmith plugin from http://feedburner.google.com/fb/static/feedburner_feedsmith_plugin_2.3.zip . Upload the plugin's PHP file to /wp-content/plugins. Activate the plugin for yourself, then for all other users. Log in to Feedburner.google.com and add your site's feed to your FeedBurner account by entering the URL into the Burn a feed right this instant box. In most cases the default title and address should be fine; you may want to change the address if yours is too cumbersome. For Slayercafe.com, FeedBurner picked http://feeds2.feedburner.com/TheSlayerCafe, which is nice and easy to remember. On the next screen, tick the box to allow FeedBurner to track Clickthroughs and Reach. Go to the Publicize tab and activate the FeedCount feature. On your main blog, go to the Settings | FeedBurner screen and paste the URL you created in step 5 into the FeedBurner box. Install the FeedBurner Widget available at http://wordpress.org/extend/plugins/feedburner-widget/. On the Appearance | Widgets page, add the widget just above the normal RSS feed, and set it up like shown in the following screenshot. You should now have two subscription options on your front page. Once your site starts getting subscribers, you should see some useful statistics on the FeedBurner Analyze page. What's my feed URL?If you aren't sure what your feed's URL is, check out the following list: RSS 2.0: http://www.mydomain.tld/feed/ RSS 2.0: http://www.mydomain.tld/feed/rss2/ RSS 0.92: http://www.mydomain.tld/feed/rss RDF/RSS 1.0: http://www.mydomain.tld/feed/rdf Atom: http://www.mydomain.tld/feed/atom All of the above feed types are offered by WordPress MU. The RSS 2.0 feed will be the one that is most frequently asked for by directories and aggregators; however, it is useful to know the address of the other feeds in case a site requests them. What just happened? We have just set up two different ways for people to subscribe to the main blog, and we have offered our blog network's users the chance to do the same with their blogs. Our users will need to create their own FeedBurner accounts, but the rest of the work has been done for them—they just need to add the right widgets to their page. Offering two different ways to subscribe may seem strange, especially when you consider that the count shown by FeedBurner is inaccurate because it doesn't track people who subscribed using the direct link. The reason I have chosen to do it this way is because FeedBurner offers some useful statistics, such as how many people clicked through and which readers they are using, about the users that have subscribed via its feeds. If you find that you have a huge number of subscribers but they are never clicking on articles, then perhaps your headlines aren't enticing enough. FeedBurner also tracks Uncommon Uses—for example, someone scraping your feed to use as free content for a spam blog. If FeedBurner is so useful, then why offer an alternative? Well, not all RSS readers can understand FeedBurner feeds. This is especially true if your site expects a lot of visitors from people using older mobile devices. Offering a plain old RSS feed option is a good idea; otherwise, you will lose those subscribers entirely. Remember that if FeedBurner ever goes down, your FeedBurner subscribers will not be able to read your RSS feed. In my experience as a subscriber, FeedBurner is a reliable service; as you would expect because the service is now owned by Google, and I feel that the usefulness of the statistics it offers outweighs the risk of downtime. You may feel differently about using a third-party service to manage your feeds. If you cannot afford any downtime, then perhaps serving your feeds directly is a better option. Have a go hero – offering more RSS options If you think that the Add to Any butt on is too intrusive, or if you want to offer subscribe links in more than one place (for example, as a widget in the sidebar and also as a link at the bottom of a post), then you can use the following text link code to add the different kinds of feed links. Link Format <?php bloginfo('rss2_url'); ?> RSS 2.0 <?php bloginfo('rss_url'); ?> RSS 0.92 <?php bloginfo('rdf_url'); ?> RSS 1.0 <?php bloginfo('atom_url'); ?> Atom <?php bloginfo('comments_rss2_url'); ?> RSS Feed For Comments   You can use the code presented in this table anywhere you would like to have the RSS icons appear. Personally, I like to display the RSS icons in a prominent position in the right sidebar by editing r_sidebar.php.

In this article by Kae Verens, we will look at: How to install and use the DataTables plugin How to load data pages on request from the server Searching and ordering the data From time to time, you will want to show data in your website and allow the data to be sorted and searched. It always impresses me that whenever I need to do anything with jQuery, there are usually plugins available, which are exactly or close to what I need. The DataTables plugin allows sorting, filtering, and pagination on your data. Here's an example screen from the project we will build in this article. The data is from a database of cities of the world, filtered to find out if there is any place called nowhere in the world: Get your copy of DataTables from http://www.datatables.net/, and extract it into the directory datatables, which is in the same directory as the jquery.min.js file. What the DataTables plugin does is take a large table, paginate it, and allow the columns to be ordered, and the cells to be filtered. Setting up DataTables Setting up DataTables involves setting up a table so that it has distinct < thead > and < tbody > sections, and then simply running dataTable() on it. As a reminder, tables in HTML have a header and a body. The HTML elements < thead > and < tbody > are optional according to the specifications, but the DataTables plugin requires that you put them in, so that it knows what to work with. These elements may not be familiar to you, as they are usually not necessary when you are writing your web pages and most people leave them out, but DataTables needs to know what area of the table to turn into a navigation bar, and which area will contain the data, so you need to include them. Client-side code The first example in this article is purely a client-side one. We will provide the data in the same page that is demonstrating the table. Copy the following code into a file in a new demo directory and name it tables.html: <html> <head> <script src="../jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="../datatables/media/js/jquery.dataTables.js"> </script> <style type="text/css"> @import "../datatables/media/css/demo_table.css";</style> <script> $(document).ready(function(){ $('#the_table').dataTable(); }); </script> </head> <body> <div style="width:500px"> <table id="the_table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Artist / Band</th><th>Album</th><th>Song</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr><td>Muse</td> <td>Absolution</td> <td>Sing for Absolution</td> </tr> <tr><td>Primus</td> <td>Sailing The Seas Of Cheese</td> <td>Tommy the Cat</td> </tr> <tr><td>Nine Inch Nails</td> <td>Pretty Hate Machine</td> <td>Something I Can Never Have</td> </tr> <tr><td>Horslips</td> <td>The Táin</td> <td>Dearg Doom</td> </tr> <tr><td>Muse</td> <td>Absolution</td> <td>Hysteria</td> </tr> <tr><td>Alice In Chains</td> <td>Dirt</td> <td>Rain When I Die</td> </tr> <!-- PLACE MORE SONGS HERE --> </tbody> </table> </div> </body> </html> When this is viewed in the browser, we immediately have a working data table: Note that the rows are in alphabetical order according to Artist/Band. DataTables automatically sorts your data initially based on the first column. The HTML provided has a < div > wrapper around the table, set to a fixed width. The reason for this is that the Search box at the top and the pagination buttons at the bottom are floated to the right, outside the HTML table. The < div > wrapper is provided to try to keep them at the same width as the table. There are 14 entries in the HTML, but only 10 of them are shown here. Clicking the arrow on the right side at the bottom-right pagination area loads up the next page: And finally, we also have the ability to sort by column and search all data: In this screenshot, we have the data filtered by the word horslips, and have ordered Song in descending order by clicking the header twice. With just this example, you can probably manage quite a few of your lower-bandwidth information tables. By this, I mean that you could run the DataTables plugin on complete tables of a few hundred rows. Beyond that, the bandwidth and memory usage would start affecting your reader's experience. In that case, it's time to go on to the next section and learn how to serve the data on demand using jQuery and Ajax. As an example of usage, a user list might reasonably be printed entirely to the page and then converted using the DataTable plugin because, for smaller sites, the user list might only be a few tens of rows and thus, serving it over Ajax may be overkill. It is more likely, though, that the kind of information that you would really want this applied to is part of a much larger data set, which is where the rest of the article comes in! Getting data from the server The rest of the article will build up a sample application, which is a search application for cities of the world. This example will need a database, and a large data set. I chose a list of city names and their spelling variants as my data set. You can get a list of this type online by searching. The exact point at which you decide a data set is large enough to require it to be converted to serve over Ajax, instead of being printed fully to the HTML source, depends on a few factors, which are mostly subjective. A quick test is: if you only ever need to read a few pages of the data, yet there are many pages in the source and the HTML is slow to load, then it's time to convert. The database I'm using in the example is MySQL (http://www.mysql.com/). It is trivial to convert the example to use any other database, such as PostgreSQL or SQLite. For your use, here is a short list of large data sets: http://wordlist.sourceforge.net/—Links to collections of words. http://www.gutenberg.org/wiki/Gutenberg:Offline_Catalogs—A list of books placed online by Project Gutenburg. http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?men=stdl—A list of all the cities in the world, including populations. The reason I chose a city name list is that I wanted to provide a realistic large example of when you would use this. In your own applications, you might also use the DataTables plugin to manage large lists of products, objects such as pages or images, and anything else that can be listed in tabular form and might be very large. The city list I found has over two million variants in it, so it is an extreme example of how to set up a searchable table. It's also a perfect example of why the Ajax capabilities of the DataTables project are important. Just to see the result, I exported all the entries into an HTML table, and the file size was 179 MB. Obviously, too large for a web page. So, let's find out how to break the information into chunks and load it only as needed. Client-side code On the client side, we do not need to provide placeholder data. Simply print out the table, leaving the < tbody > section blank, and let DataTables retrieve the data from the server. We're starting a new project here, so create a new directory in your demos section and save the following into it as tables.html: <html> <head> <script src="../jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="../datatables/media/js/jquery.dataTables.js"> </script> <style type="text/css"> @import "../datatables/media/css/demo_table.css"; table{width:100%} </style> <script> $(document).ready(function(){ $('#the_table').dataTable({ 'sAjaxSource':'get_data.php' }); }); </script> </head> <body> <div style="width:500px"> <table id="the_table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Country</th> <th>City</th> <th>Latitude</th> <th>Longitude</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> </tbody> </table> </div> </body> </html> In this example, we've added a parameter to the .dataTable call, sAjaxSource, which is the URL of the script that will provide the data (the file will be named get_data.php). Server-side code On the server side, we will start off by providing the first ten rows from the database. DataTables expects the data to be returned as a two-dimensional array named aaData. In my own database, I've created a table like this: CREATE TABLE `cities` ( `ccode` char(2) DEFAULT NULL, `city` varchar(87) DEFAULT NULL, `longitude` float DEFAULT NULL, `latitude` float DEFAULT NULL, KEY `city` (`city`(5)) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 Most of the searching will be done on city names, so I've indexed city. Initially, let's just extract the first page of information. Create a file called get_data.php and save it in the same directory as tables.html: <?php // { initialise variables $amt=10; $start=0; // } // { connect to database function dbRow($sql){ $q=mysql_query($sql); $r=mysql_fetch_array($q); return $r; } function dbAll($sql){ $q=mysql_query($sql); while($r=mysql_fetch_array($q))$rs[]=$r; return $rs; } mysql_connect('localhost','username','password'); mysql_select_db('phpandjquery'); // } // { count existing records $r=dbRow('select count(ccode) as c from cities'); $total_records=$r['c']; // } // { start displaying records echo '{"iTotalRecords":'.$total_records.', "iTotalDisplayRecords":'.$total_records.', "aaData":['; $rs=dbAll("select ccode,city,longitude,latitude from cities order by ccode,city limit $start,$amt"); $f=0; foreach($rs as $r){ if($f++) echo ','; echo '["',$r['ccode'],'", "',addslashes($r['city']),'", "',$r['longitude'],'", "',$r['latitude'],'"]'; } echo ']}'; // } In a nutshell, what happens is that the script counts how many cities are there in total, and then returns that count along with the first ten entries to the client browser using JSON as the transport.

Using video files Video files are generally large due to the amount of content they contain and their length. It's beyond the scope of our article to describe them in detail, but in basic terms, they are a linear sequence of still images placed together to create a sequence of movement, usually accompanied by an audio track. Original video files are compressed using a codec to produce a compressed video file. The various codecs produce different results for file size, quality, and export. Video files play in the browser by downloading the data through the Internet, progressively streaming it so the movie begins to play before the whole file has downloaded. Audio files work in a similar way, but are often not as large. The final quality of a video also depends on the method used to capture it and how it's stored. The better the quality of the camera, the better the result. If you want to learn more about video, Wikipedia has a page at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_formats. Just like anything else, there are pros and cons of adding videos to your website. YouTube alone has proven there is a strong market for a more visual medium. However, there are still many people who prefer text-based content as well. Consider whether adding a video to your site will enhance your user's experience. Is the material promotional or instructional? Is the content better demonstrated than explained? Video material can broaden your target audience. Many people prefer watching a video online to reading lengthy bodies of text. Videos aren't that great for search engine optimization. Consider adding a transcript to the page as well, in order to increase the ability to search. Choosing the best video file format Video played through the Internet requires a media player, which acts as an interface between the video file and the browser. These days most Internet users have one embedded within their browser. Popular versions include: QuickTime, a player created by Apple Windows Media Player WINAMP Real Player, developed by Real Networks Adobe Flash Player The following are some of the video file types that can be played through your website using third-party media players: .wmv files are a popular format developed by Microsoft and which come bundled within the Internet Explorer software package and are, therefore, preinstalled on Windows PCs. This is a format good for movies with movement within them. This format works with Windows Media Player, RealPlayer, and another called VLC Player. This format isn't very compatible with Mac or Linux computer users. .mov files are a QuickTime video platform extension that also plays back on the Windows operating system. The Apple QuickTime movie player software can be easily downloaded from Apple at http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/. While not many browsers have the QuickTime media player installed, this format does provide very high quality video. You can always provide a link to the URL to download the software in order to play the video. .avi files are often the format of videos with smaller dimensions, played back through a website. They are a container for audio and video files (hence the name!). They can sometimes be quite large in file size, depending on the codec used to compress the video footage. They are a mainstream format. .swf and .flv videos are excellent for web video streaming and can also include interactive features. Most Mac and PCs have the Flash Shockwave Player installed; however, it can be downloaded from http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/. Take note of the requirements for your individual operating system and browser preferences. Keep the following in mind when considering a video for your website: Ensure the video is succinct and the file size as small as possible. Even with a high speed download, time is still required to fully download the complete file. Keeping the video between one to three minutes long and the file size under five megabytes The more the movement in a video, the larger the file size. Consider whether the video really enhances the message. Viewers are only interested in material that is useful to them and will resent consuming their download resources on a video that holds no value for them. The larger the file size, the longer it takes to upload. Consider your audience's data rate. Do they have high speed downloads or are there some with dial-up connections? Video files are generally large due to the amount of content they contain. They stream (streaming is the way the Internet transfers multimedia information) through the data so the video will begin playing before it has fully downloaded itself into the browser, allowing it to be played back as quickly as possible. Audio files work in a similar way, but are not usually big files. There are various video file formats available and most website users have a player to see them already contained within the browser. Many users have QuickTime, a player created by Apple (that also runs on PCs) and Real Player, developed by Real Networks. Videos require a special plugin to play them through an article on your site, once you have uploaded it. Alternatively, you can embed a link from the popular YouTube site (http://www.youtube.com/). We'll look at how to do both in relation to the Party People website. Uploading a video We'll upload a new video, much the same way we would upload an image, to a new subfolder called videos within the Party People website. The steps are as follows: Navigate to the Media Manager. Select the stories folder and type videos into the Files input box. Click Create Folder. Select the new videos folder icon; then click the Browse button to choose the video from our desktop computer. Click Start Upload. Now we have a video file ready to be inserted into an article. The Party People website has the popular AllVideos plugin installed to do this. Updating videos—AllVideos plugin This is another neat plugin that works in much the same way as the Simple Image Gallery, a stablemate from this team of developers. If you don't have it installed and you would like to present videos on your site, ask your developer to install it for you or refer to the developers website http://www.joomlaworks.gr/content/view/35/41/ for instructions. Our Party People website has a .mov video on the Products and Services page, which we will update. To update the video display: Navigate to the Article Manager through the top menu and open theOur Services Include... article. Change the name of the video file between the { } and {/} tags within the text editor to the new filename. Depending on the format of the video being presented, the code should look like this: {mov}promoVideo{/mov} This code displays a QuickTime movie within the article. Save the changes. The following screenshot shows us how the video will look in context. Note that you do not need to include the format extension at the end of the filename, as the tag surrounding the name addresses this. Changing to a different video file and format The AllVideos plugin supports a number of video file formats and the developer's website lists them all at http://www.joomlaworks.gr/content/view/35/41/. We'll change the video we just linked to a different one which is in the .wmv format. The steps are as follows: Navigate to the Article containing the video presentation. Change the tag between the { } braces to reflect the new file type, taking care not to delete any of the symbols. For example: {wmv}updatedServicesVideo{/wmv} Save the changes to your article. You should take care to avoid rearranging any of the formatting within the code, as this will prevent the movie from playing. That is, don't add any extra spaces, colons, commas, and so on.  

Activity 3: Investigating texts using Quiz Aim: Using quiz to investigate texts Moodle modules: Quiz Extra programs: None Ease of setup: *** As noted elsewhere, Quiz can be a useful module for practicing different language skills. This is primarily because we can build in helpful feedback and because we can allow students to spend as much time as they want practicing. There are various ways that Quiz can help students listen. Here are some examples: Listening and matching: students listen for gist information and match answers to general questions about the text. Ordering task for arranging events in a sequence. Multiple-choice for information transfer, identifying speakers' attitudes, and identifying numbers. Gap-fill tasks: Students listen to a song, poem, or other text, and fill in the missing words. It's worth thinking carefully about what sorts of words you want to blank out. Do you want to focus on grammar words (prepositions, pronouns, and conjunctions, etc.), words that are difficult to spell, or keywords (words that convey the main meaning of the text)? To exemplify each of these examples, we'll make one quiz with four different question types. You could choose to have quizzes with any number of different question types. We'll take as our listening text a story which we recorded ourselves. We could record it in a recording program like Audacity. The story is about a rather special trip to the zoo. Here is a possible transcript abridged from http://www.onlyfunnystories.com/ZooJob.asp: One day an out of work mime artist is visiting the zoo and attempts to earn some money as a street performer monkey. As soon as he starts to draw a crowd, a zoo keeper grabs him and drags him into his office. The zoo keeper explains to the mime artist that the zoo's most popular attraction, a gorilla, has died suddenly and the keeper fears that attendance at the zoo will fall off. He offers the mime artist a job to dress up as the gorilla until they can get another one. The mime artist accepts. So the next morning the mime artist puts on the gorilla suit and enters the cage before the crowd comes. He discovers that it's a great job. He can sleep all he wants, play and make fun of people and he draws bigger crowds than he ever did as a mime. However, eventually the crowds tire of him and he tires of just swinging on trees. He begins to notice that the people are paying more attention to the lion in the cage next to his. Not wanting to lose the attention of his audience, he climbs to the top of his cage, crawls across a partition, and dangles from the top to the lion's cage. Of course, this makes the lion furious, but the crowd loves it. At the end of the day the zoo keeper comes and gives the mime artist a raise for being such a good attraction. Well, this goes on for some time, the mime keeps taunting the lion, the crowds grow larger, and his salary keeps going up. Then one terrible day when he is dangling over the furious lion he slips and falls. The mime artist is terrified. The lion gathers itself and prepares to pounce. The mime artist is so scared that he begins to run round and round the cage with the lion close behind. Finally, the mime artist starts screaming and yelling, "Help me, help me!", but the lion is quick and pounces. The mime artist soon finds himself flat on his back looking up at the angry lion and the lion says, "Shut up you idiot! Do you want to get us both fired?" The questions start with general gist questions (matching). Then comes an ordering question, which requires slightly more attention to detail. The last two are multiple-choice and gap-fill questions, which get students to focus on detailed aspects of the listening text. Here's how to do it The following sections refer you to the activities and point out any major differences. Setting up the quiz Listening and matching question Use NanoGong to create sound clips which replace pictures and texts. Here are some examples of the matching questions you could set up. These are general questions which help students get the gist of the story. Question Answer How many animals are there in the story?. Three Where does this take place? The zoo Where does the zoo keeper find the mime artist? On the street How many animals are there in the cages? Two This is what your matching question might look like: Here are a few more matching questions you could consider: Match recordings to pictures. Students could hear a description of an image (painting, photo) and identify the description. The easiest way to do this would be to take some photos of similar scenes. Match individual words to sounds. Students hear the recording and decide which words they are hearing. Recording Choice A. "I hear you're coming"   B."It's over here" hear/here   hear/here Ordering question In this variation students listen to a story and then order events in sequence. We need to make sure that the sequence is not guessable without hearing the story. Here are the stages from our story that you could include in the question: The zookeeper grabs the mime artist. The zookeeper offers the mime artist a job. The gorilla lies on top of the neighboring cage. The lion tries to attack the gorilla. The lion tells the gorilla off. This is what the ordering question would look like: Multiple-choice question Multiple-choice questions are a good way of getting students to investigate texts in more detail. Here are some possible questions we could include in this activity. Question 1 According to the story, why does the mime artist accept a job as a gorilla? Answer 1 His work on the street isn't going well. Answer 2 The zookeeper has an urgent need for a gorilla. Answer 3 He always wanted to work as a gorilla in a zoo. Answer 4 The last gorilla quit the job.

Creating validation functions for URLs, email addresses, and other types of data Ext JS has an extensive library of validation functions. This is how it can be used to validate URLs, email addresses, and other types of data. The following screenshot shows email address validation in action: This screenshot displays URL validation in action: How to do it... Initialize the QuickTips singleton: Ext.QuickTips.init(); Create a form with fields that accept specific data formats: Ext.onReady(function() { var commentForm = new Ext.FormPanel({ frame: true, title: 'Send your comments', bodyStyle: 'padding:5px', width: 550, layout: 'form', defaults: { msgTarget: 'side' }, items: [ { xtype: 'textfield', fieldLabel: 'Name', name: 'name', anchor: '95%', allowBlank: false }, { xtype: 'textfield', fieldLabel: 'Email', name: 'email', anchor: '95%', vtype: 'email' }, { xtype: 'textfield', fieldLabel: 'Web page', name: 'webPage', vtype: 'url', anchor: '95%' }, { xtype: 'textarea', fieldLabel: 'Comments', name: 'comments', anchor: '95%', height: 150, allowBlank: false }], buttons: [{ text: 'Send' }, { text: 'Cancel' }] }); commentForm.render(document.body);}); How it works... The vtype configuration option specifies which validation function will be applied to the field. There's more... Validation types in Ext JS include alphanumeric, numeric, URL, and email formats. You can extend this feature with custom validation functions, and virtually, any format can be validated. For example, the following code shows how you can add a validation type for JPG and PNG files: Ext.apply(Ext.form.VTypes, { Picture: function(v) { return /^.*.(jpg|JPG|png|PNG)$/.test(v); }, PictureText: 'Must be a JPG or PNG file';}); If you need to replace the default error text provided by the validation type, you can do so by using the vtypeText configuration option: { xtype: 'textfield', fieldLabel: 'Web page', name: 'webPage', vtype: 'url', vtypeText: 'I am afraid that you did not enter a URL', anchor: '95%'} See also... The Specifying the required fields in a form recipe, covered earlier in this article, explains how to make some form fields required The Setting the minimum and maximum length allowed for a field's value recipe, covered earlier in this article, explains how to restrict the number of characters entered in a field The Changing the location where validation errors are displayed recipe, covered earlier in this article, shows how to relocate a field's error icon Refer to the previous recipe, Deferring field validation until form submission, to know how to validate all fields at once upon form submission, instead of using the default automatic field validation The next recipe, Confirming passwords and validating dates using relational field validation, explains how to perform validation when the value of one field depends on the value of another field The Rounding up your validation strategy with server-side validation of form fields recipe (covered later in this article) explains how to perform server-side validation Confirming passwords and validating dates using relational field validation Frequently, you face scenarios where the values of two fields need to match, or the value of one field depends on the value of another field. Let's examine how to build a registration form that requires the user to confirm his or her password when signing up. How to do it… Initialize the QuickTips singleton: Ext.QuickTips.init(); Create a custom vtype to handle the relational validation of the password: Ext.apply(Ext.form.VTypes, { password: function(val, field) { if (field.initialPassField) { var pwd = Ext.getCmp(field.initialPassField); return (val == pwd.getValue()); } return true; }, passwordText: 'What are you doing?<br/>The passwords entered do not match!'}); Create the signup form: var signupForm = { xtype: 'form', id: 'register-form', labelWidth: 125, bodyStyle: 'padding:15px;background:transparent', border: false, url: 'signup.php', items: [ { xtype: 'box', autoEl: { tag: 'div', html: '<div class="app-msg"><img src="img/businessman add.png" class="app-img" /> Register for The Magic Forum</div>' } }, { xtype: 'textfield', id: 'email', fieldLabel: 'Email', allowBlank: false, minLength: 3, maxLength: 64,anchor:'90%', vtype:'email' }, { xtype: 'textfield', id: 'pwd', fieldLabel: 'Password', inputType: 'password',allowBlank: false, minLength: 6, maxLength: 32,anchor:'90%', minLengthText: 'Password must be at least 6 characters long.' }, { xtype: 'textfield', id: 'pwd-confirm', fieldLabel: 'Confirm Password', inputType: 'password', allowBlank: false, minLength: 6, maxLength: 32,anchor:'90%', minLengthText: 'Password must be at least 6 characters long.', vtype: 'password', initialPassField: 'pwd' }],buttons: [{ text: 'Register', handler: function() { Ext.getCmp('register-form').getForm().submit(); }},{ text: 'Cancel', handler: function() { win.hide(); } }]} Create the window that will host the signup form: Ext.onReady(function() { win = new Ext.Window({ layout: 'form', width: 340, autoHeight: true, closeAction: 'hide', items: [signupForm] }); win.show();

Managing your users: The User Manager The User Manager within the administration interface gives you an overview of all the registered users of your website and the ability to manage them as needed. Only users registered as Administrator or Super Administrator can make changes here. Creating a new user The Party People website has only one administration user and we want to add a new user who has backend manager access. As the administrator, you can do this by accessing the User Manager from within the administration. Click Site | User Manager in the top menu or click the User Manager icon on the front page of the administration page. To add a new user, click the New icon on the top right toolbar. Type in a name, a username, an e-mail address, and a password into the Name, Username, and New Password input boxes, as shown in the following screenshot. Verify the password to be sure you have entered the correct string. Click on the user group that you want to allocate them to from the selection in the Group window. Your choice will obviously depend upon the content and access level you want them to have. We'll select Manager for our site. Click No for Block User, as we are setting up a new one. Select Yes or No for Receive System E-mails. Save your new user. Adding a new user as a site contact Before you add your new user to your contact list, consider whether they fit into the established contact categories. If they don't, you can add a new Category. Do this before you add the new contact. Adding a new contact Category Create contact Categories based on what role the user is to take within your site. It is described in the following steps: Select Components from the top menu, then Contacts and Manage Contacts to see the Contact Manager. To add a new contact Category, select that link. In the new Category screen, give the category a name and complete the details as shown in the following screenshot. Add a brief description if you need to. Save your new category.

There are many reasons why you would want to display a calendar. You can use it to display upcoming events, to keep a diary, or to show a timetable. Recently, for example, I combined a calendar with an online store for a client to book meetings and receive payments more intuitively. Google calendar is probably what springs to mind when people think of calendars online. There is a very good plugin called jquery-week-calendar that shows a week with events in a fashion similar to Google's calendar. Its homepage is at http://www.redredred.com.au/projects/jquery-week-calendar/. To get the latest copy of the plugin, go to http://code.google.com/p/jquery-week-calendar/downloads/list and get the highest-numbered file. The examples in this article are done with version 1.2.0. Download the library and extract it so that there is a directory named jquery-weekcalendar-1.2.0 in the root of your demo directory. Displaying the calendar As usual, the HTML for the simplest configuration is very simple. Save this as calendar.html: <html> <head> <script src="../jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="../jquery-ui.min.js"></script> <script src="../jquery-weekcalendar-1.2.0/jquery.weekcalendar.js"> </script> <script src="calendar.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../jquery-ui.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../jquery-weekcalendar-1.2.0/jquery.weekcalendar.css"/> </head> <body> <div id="calendar_wrapper" style="height:500px"></div> </body> </html> We will keep all of our JavaScript in an external file called calendar.js, which will initially contain just this: $(document).ready(function() { $('#calendar_wrapper').weekCalendar({ 'height':function($calendar){ return $('#calendar_wrapper')[0].offsetHeight; } }); }); This is fairly straightforward. The script will apply the widget to the #calendar_wrapper element, and the widget's height will be set to that of the wrapper element. Even with this tiny bit of code, we already have a good-looking calendar, and when you drag your mouse cursor around it, you'll see that events are created as you lift the mouse up: It looks good, but it doesn't do anything yet. The events are temporary, and will vanish as soon as you change the week or reload the page. In order to make them permanent, we need to send details of the events to the server and save them there. Creating an event What we need to do is to have the client save the event on the server when it is created. In this article, we'll use PHP sessions to save the data for the sake of simplicity. Sessions are chunks of data, which are kept on the server side and are related to the cookie or PHPSESSID parameter that the client uses to access that session. We will use sessions in these examples because they do not need as much setup as databases. For your own projects, you should adapt the PHP side in order to connect to a database instead. If you are using this article to create a full application, you will obviously want to use something more permanent than sessions, in which case the PHP code should be adapted such that all references to sessions are replaced with database references instead. This is beyond the scope of this book, but as you are a PHP developer, you probably do this everyday anyway! When the event has been created, we want a modal dialog to appear and ask for more details. In this test case, we'll add a text area for further details, which allows for more data than would appear in the small visible area in the calendar itself. A modal dialog is a "pop up" that appears and blocks all other actions on the page until it has been taken care of. It's useful in cases where the answer to a question must be known before a script can carry on with its work. Now, let's create an event and add it to our calendar. Client-side code In the calendar.js file, add an eventNew event to the weekCalendar call: $(document).ready(function() { $('#calendar_wrapper').weekCalendar({ 'height':function($calendar){ return $('#calendar_wrapper')[0].offsetHeight; }, 'eventNew':function(calEvent, $event) { calendar_new_entry(calEvent,$event); } }); }); When an event is created, the calendar_new_entry function will be called with details of the new event in the calEvent parameter. Now, add the function calendar_new_entry: function calendar_new_entry(calEvent,$event){ var ds=calEvent.start, df=calEvent.end; $('<div id="calendar_new_entry_form" title="New Calendar Entry"> event name<br /> <input value="new event" id="calendar_new_entry_form_title" /> <br /> body text<br /> <textarea style="width:400px;height:200px" id="calendar_new_entry_form_body">event description </textarea> </div>').appendTo($('body')); $("#calendar_new_entry_form").dialog({ bgiframe: true, autoOpen: false, height: 440, width: 450, modal: true, buttons: { 'Save': function() { var $this=$(this); $.getJSON('./calendar.php?action=save&id=0&start=' +ds.getTime()/1000+'&end='+df.getTime()/1000, { 'body':$('#calendar_new_entry_form_body').val(), 'title':$('#calendar_new_entry_form_title').val() }, function(ret){ $this.dialog('close'); $('#calendar_wrapper').weekCalendar('refresh'); $("#calendar_new_entry_form").remove(); } ); }, Cancel: function() { $event.remove(); $(this).dialog('close'); $("#calendar_new_entry_form").remove(); } }, close: function() { $('#calendar').weekCalendar('removeUnsavedEvents'); $("#calendar_new_entry_form").remove(); } }); $("#calendar_new_entry_form").dialog('open'); } What's happening here is that a form is created and added to the body (the second line of the function), then the third line of the function creates a modal window from that form and adds some buttons to it. Our modal dialog should look like this: The Save button, when pressed, calls the server-side file calendar.php with the parameters needed to save the event, including the start and end, and the title and body. When the result returns, the calendar is refreshed with the new event's data included. When any of the buttons are clicked, we close the dialog and remove it from the page completely. Note how we are sending time information to the server (shown highlighted in the code we just saw). JavaScript time functions usually measure in milliseconds, but we want to send it to PHP, which generally measures time in seconds. So, we convert the value on the client so that the PHP can use the received data as it is, without needing to do anything to it. Every little helps! Server-side code On the server side, we want to take the new event and save it. Remember that we're doing it in sessions in this example, but you should feel free to adapt this to any other model that you wish. Create a file called calendar.php and save it with this source in it: <?php session_start(); if(!isset($_SESSION['calendar'])){ $_SESSION['calendar']=array( 'ids'=>0, ); } if(isset($_REQUEST['action'])){ switch($_REQUEST['action']){ case 'save': // { $start_date=(int)$_REQUEST['start']; $data=array( 'title'=>(isset($_REQUEST['title'])?$_REQUEST['title']:''), 'body' =>(isset($_REQUEST['body'])?$_REQUEST['body']:''), 'start'=>date('c',$start_date), 'end' =>date('c',(int)$_REQUEST['end']) ); $id=(int)$_REQUEST['id']; if($id && isset($_SESSION['calendar'][$id])){ $_SESSION['calendar'][$id]=$data; } else{ $id= ++$_SESSION['calendar']['ids']; $_SESSION['calendar'][$id]=$data; } echo 1; exit; // } } } ?> In the server-side code of this project, all the requested actions are handled by a switch statement. This is done for demonstration purposes—whenever we add a new action, we simply add a new switch case. If you are using this for your own purposes, you may wish to rewrite it using functions instead of large switch cases. The date function is used to convert the start and end parameters into ISO 8601 date format. That's the format jquery-week-calendar prefers, so we'll try to keep everything in that format. Visually, nothing appears to happen, but the data is actually being saved. To see what's being saved, create a new file named test.php, and use the var_dump function in it to examine the session data (view it in your browser): <?php session_start(); var_dump($_SESSION); ?> Here's an example from my test machine:

The basis for all of these topics is the object-oriented interface. Object-oriented versus MATLAB styles We have seen  a lot of examples, and in all of them we used the matplotlib.pyplot module to create and manipulate the plots, but this is not the only way to make use of the Matplotlib plotting power. There are three ways to use Matplotlib: pyplot: The module used so far in this article pylab:  A module to merge Matplotlib and NumPy together in an environment closer to MATLAB Object-oriented way: The Pythonic way to interface with Matplotlib Let's first elaborate a bit about the pyplot module: pyplot provides a MATLAB-style, procedural, state-machine interface to the underlying object-oriented library in Matplotlib. A state machine is a system with a global status, where each operation performed on the system changes its status. matplotlib.pyplot is stateful because the underlying engine keeps track of the current figure and plotting area information, and plotting functions change that information. To make it clearer, we did not use any object references during our plotting we just issued a pyplot command, and the changes appeared in the figure. At a higher level, matplotlib.pyplot is a collection of commands and functions that make Matplotlib behave like MATLAB (for plotting). This is really useful when doing interactive sessions, because we can issue a command and see the result immediately, but it has several drawbacks when we need something more such as low-level customization or application embedding. If we remember, Matplotlib started as an alternative to MATLAB, where we have at hand both numerical and plotting functions. A similar interface exists for Matplotlib, and its name is pylab. pylab (do you see the similarity in the names?) is a companion module, installed next to matplotlib that merges matplotlib.pyplot (for plotting) and numpy (for mathematical functions) modules in a single namespace to  provide an environment as near to MATLAB as possible, so that the transition would be easy. We and the authors of Matplotlib discourage the use of pylab, other than for proof-of-concept snippets. While being rather simple to use, it teaches developers the wrong way to use Matplotlib. The third way to use Matplotlib is through the object-oriented interface (OO, from now on). This is the most powerful way to write Matplotlib code because it allows for complete control of the result however it is also the most complex. This is the Pythonic way to use Matplotlib, and it's highly encouraged when programming with Matplotlib rather than working interactively. We will use it a lot from now on as it's needed to go down deep into Matplotlib. Please allow us to highlight again the preferred style that the author of this article, and the authors of Matplotlib want to enforce: a bit of pyplot will be used, in particular for convenience functions, and the remaining plotting code is either done with the OO style or with pyplot, with numpy explicitly imported and used for numerical functions. In this preferred style, the initial imports are: import matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport numpy as np In this way, we know exactly which module the function we use comes from (due to the module prefix), and it's exactly what we've always done in the code so far. Now, let's present the same piece of code expressed in the three possible forms which we just described. First, we present it in the style, pyplot only: In [1]: import matplotlib.pyplot as pltIn [2]: import numpy as npIn [3]: x = np.arange(0, 10, 0.1)In [4]: y = np.random.randn(len(x))In [5]: plt.plot(x, y)Out[5]: [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x1fad810>]In [6]: plt.title('random numbers')In [7]: plt.show() The preceding code snippet results in: Now, let's see how we can do the same thing using the pylab interface: $ ipython -pylab... In [1]: x = arange(0, 10, 0.1)In [2]: y = randn(len(x)) In [3]: plot(x, y)Out[3]: [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x4284dd0>] In [4]: title('random numbers')In [5]: show() Note that: ipython -pylab is not the same as running ipython and then: from pylab import * This is because ipython's-pylab switch, in addition to importing everything from pylab, also enables a specific ipython threading mode so that both the interactive interpreter and the plot window can be active at the same time. Finally, lets make the same chart by using OO style, but with some pyplot convenience functions: In [1]: import matplotlib.pyplot as pltIn [2]: import numpy as np In [3]: x = np.arange(0, 10, 0.1)In [4]: y = np.random.randn(len(x))In [5]: fig = plt.figure()In [6]: ax = fig.add_subplot(111)In [7]: l, = plt.plot(x, y)In [8]: t = ax.set_title('random numbers')In [9]: plt.show() The pylab code is the simplest, and ,pyplot is in the middle, while the OO is the most complex or verbose. As the Python Zen teaches us, "Explicit is better than implicit" and "Simple is better than complex" and those statements are particularly true for this example: for simple interactive sessions, pylab or ,pyplot are the perfect choice because they hide a lot of complexity, but if we need something more advanced, then the OO API makes clearer where things are coming from, and what's going on. This expressiveness will be appreciated when we will embed Matplotlib inside GUI applications. From now on, we will start presenting our code using the OO interface mixed with some pyplot functions. A brief introduction to Matplotlib objects Before we can go on in a productive way, we need to briefly introduce which Matplotlib objects compose a figure. Let's see from the higher levels to the lower ones how objects are nested: Object Description FigureCanvas Container class for the Figure instance Figure Container for one or more Axes instances Axes The rectangular areas to hold the basic elements, such as lines, text, and so on     Our first (simple) example of OO Matplotlib In the previous pieces of code, we had transformed this: ...In [5]: plt.plot(x, y)Out[5]: [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x1fad810>]... into: ...In [7]: l, = plt.plot(x, y)... The new code uses an explicit reference, allowing a lot more customizations. As we can see in the first piece of code, the plot() function returns a list of Line2D instances, one for each line (in this case, there is only one), so in the second code, l is a reference to the line object, so every operation allowed on Line2D can be done using l. For example, we can set the line color with: l.set_color('red') Instead of using the keyword argument to plot(), so the line information can be changed after the plot() call. Subplots In the previous section, we have seen a couple of important functions without introducing them. Let's have a look at them now: fig = plt.figure(): This function returns a Figure, where we can add one or more Axes instances. ax = fig.add_subplot(111): This function returns an Axes instance, where we can plot (as done so far), and this is also the reason why we call the variable referring to that instance ax (from Axes). This is a common way to add an Axes to a Figure, but add_subplot() does a bit more: it adds a subplot. So far we have only seen a Figure with one Axes instance, so only one area where we can draw, but Matplotlib allows more than one. add_subplot() takes three parameters: fig.add_subplot(numrows, numcols, fignum) where: numrows  represents the number of rows of subplots to prepare numcols  represents the number of columns of subplots to prepare fignum  varies from 1 to numrows*numcols and specifies the current subplot (the one used now) Basically, we describe a matrix of numrows*numcols subplots that we want into the Figure; please note that fignum is 1 at the upper-left corner of the Figure and it's equal to numrows*numcols at the bottom-right corner. The following table should provide a visual explanation of this:   numrows=2, numcols=2, fignum=1 numrows=2, numcols=2, fignum=2 numrows=2, numcols=2, fignum=3 numrows=2, numcols=2, fignum=4

Do you want to use paid incoming links? Paying for incoming links can be a tricky business if you do it the wrong way. Google doesn't like web sites that use this link building technique and their representative master anti-spam spokesman, Matt Cutts is very clear on this subject. Buy links and get penalized… sell links and get penalized as well The major penalty is a very likely drop in Page Rank. Although Page Rank is becoming less important as compared to your rankings on the search engine result pages, people still see it as a quality making if you do have a high Page Rank. Of course using AdWords to do a "Pay Per Click" campaign is also a form of paid links. If you want to use the sponsored link options to get your site started, that is fine, but the ultimate goal of this article is to get higher rankings in the organic results of the search engines. Studies support the idea of using sponsored links to bring in more traffic from the organic searchers even after the campaign has stopped. It depends on how hard you need the traffic to your site for business, or if you want to go for organic results. Helping people helps you with link building If you have a topic that you are passionate about and you build a web site about it, then this option is one for you. Find a forum that matches the topic of your web site and start helping other people with your knowledge. On most forums there is a possibility to have your own "Signature", where you can have one or more lines of text with a link that people can click on. For instance, the site http://forums.digitalpoint.com has a lot of requests for information on Joomla! where you can help people to solve their problems. After a number of replies to questions, you can put in your own signature such as:   The links you put in there will not only bring traffic from your posts, but they also count as incoming links for Google. Not all forums have the same rules—for example, some of them have a rule that you can put a link to your site, but it should be the URL only without your main keywords in the link. So, be sure to go to the best forums you can find on your topic and start helping others with your knowledge. In the meantime, work on your incoming links as well. Commenting done the right way Another option you have is to look for blogs about your web site's topic. You will already probably know the most useful ones in your field of expertise. Go to those blogs and read some of the posts they have published. If you are lucky, there will be some kind of widget that shows you how many readers they have on that blog for their RSS Feed or email system. Large numbers are a good sign as that means a lot of people will read the blog and it probably has a good ranking in Google. Read the posts that are relevant to your topic and if you can, write a comment which shows that you know more about the topic. Also, if possible, make a new suggestion or correct an error in the article. Don't write comments such as "I really liked this post", "Thank you for this information", or even "I really like your blog". If you write comments such as those you won't get any interaction with the blogger in question and you don't add value to the discussion. Such comments will get deleted or labeled as spam. When I get comment links such as these, I remove them as they add null to zero information for other visitors and they are clearly there just for link building. It won't work that way, and if you are outsourcing or want to outsource this kind of link building, here is a warning, make sure you state in your contract with these people that blog and comment spamming is not allowed! If you don't add that clause, they may start commenting in your name, linking to your site (well, you paid them to do that…) with the same remarks over and over again. What happens next is that bloggers will ban you from commenting on their blogs, and in the worst case scenario you will loose a lot of credibility in your community. People are sometimes better informed than you think and a mistake like the one mentioned above will cost you more than money alone. So, if you start commenting, ask yourself: Do I have something of value to add to the conversation? Will people read that comment? How effective will this blog be in sending me traffic? Keep those in mind, with more emphasis on the first point, and you will do fine. Finding places to comment As I said before, commenting is a great way to create your own incoming links. But how do you find more relevant blogs to read and comment on? First of all, do a search for blogs about your web site's topic. You can use http://blogsearch.google.com/ to find the most recent blog posts and see if the blogs it finds fit your web site's topic.   Technorati is of course the best place to look for blogs.   Go ahead and use the option search the blogosphere.... From the results of this initial search, you can filter based on several options. In the first selection list you will find options such as Search Posts, Search Blogs, Search Photos, and Seach Videos. The second selection list allows you to filter based on entire post or just tags. The third option is the one you really need to set and there you can choose to filter on a lot of authority.   This option means a lot of people are linking to that web site/blog and it will probably get lots of traffic and do well in the search engines. Those blogs are the ones you want your voice to be heard on and remember if you are going to comment, make sure it is a useful one. What you need to do after finding the blog, is to really check out the site. In some cases there might just be one post about your web site's topic on that blog. And you really want it to be on topic all the way!   Two other blog search services you can use are: http://www.icerocket.com http://www.blogpulse.com Both are set up to bring to you the most recent results like Google does but they have something extra. You can learn about trends as Icerocket has a trend tool and Blogpulse has its trend search option. Using those trend tools will give you more insight on which terms are "hot" at the moment and growing. If you combine that with the blogs you just found, for your keywords, you could have a winning team.

Community features—gravatars Gravatars are Globally Recognized Avatars. They allow people to carry the same avatar from site to site without having to register at each site and take the time to upload an image. Gravatars are supported by IntenseDebate by default. If a user has a gravatar and gives the email address that the gravatar is tied to when they make a comments, then the gravatar will be displayed beside that comment. Since version 2.5, WordPress MU has had gravatar support built in. Let's add gravatars to our post pages. Time for action – gravatars in WordPress MU Open your theme's index.php file. In our case we are editng the Blue Zinfandel theme. Find the secton that begins with < div class="contentdate" > . Remove all markup up to the closing tag and insert the following code: <?php $email = $authordata->user_email; $hash = md5($email); $uri = 'http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/' . $hash . '?d=identicon&r =any&size=80'; $headers = wp_get_http_headers($uri); if (!is_array($headers)) : echo "<h3>"; echo the_time('M'); echo "</h3><h4>"; echo the_time('j'); echo "</h4>";Stcky Features for your Blog Network[ 142 ] elseif (isset($headers["content-disposition"]) ) : echo get_avatar( $authordata->user_email, $size = '50') ; else : echo "<h3>"; echo the_time('M'); echo "</h3><h4>"; echo the_time('j'); echo "</h4>"; endif; ?> Save and upload the file. If you wish to use gravatars on user blogs, you will also need to edit the user's version of the theme file. Now, if a post author has a gravatar, it will be displayed in the title secton of their posts. If not, the default Date of Post box will appear instead. What just happened? We have used the built-in WordPress MU gravatars function to display a member's gravatar in the title section of any posts they make. As the default No Gravatar Set image is rather boring, our code checks to see if the author in question has a gravatar. If the author does not, or if the Gravatars web site is not accessible for any reason, then we display the normal post date icon instead. Gravatars provide a way for people to carry their identity from site to site. Showing a recognizable face for your site's authors builds recognition among readers and helps readers and blog authors to build a relationship with each other. You might be wondering why the output in the previous code is broken into several echo statements. I have chosen that method purely because I find it more readable. You could save yourself some typing if you built an echo statement similar to this one: echo "<h3>". the_time('M')."</h3>" Have a go hero – gravatars and themes The code used to edit the SlayerCafe blog theme was very simplistic. The theme you are using for your site may be structured differently. In the theme for the SlayerCafe, the calendar icon that shows the date of the latest post is coded into the CSS file. The change I have made to the index.php file does not prevent the calendar icon from being loaded. The gravatar image simply loads over the top of it. Try reworking the theme file to correct this. One way to do so would be to create a copy of the contentdate class in the styles.css file, which does not load the calendar image. Call the new class contentgravatar and then create different < div > tags to be displayed depending on whether you wish to show the calendar or the gravatar. Encouraging sign-ups with downloads for members only If you offer file downloads, restricting some of them to only members is a good way to encourage people to sign up. It is a good idea to offer some file downloads to visitors who are just passing through so that you can build up their trust, as some people are uncomfortable giving out their email address to an unknown web site. Also, some people do not want to take the time to register to download a file, especially if they don't know if it is going to be a worthwhile download. A good compromise is to offer some files to everyone and other files for members only, or to offer some content on your blog and then a download in a more convenient form. As an example, some of the Watchers on SlayerCafe could run tutorials about demon identification and slaying techniques. They may offer text and image versions as blog posts, with an MP3 version of the lesson that registered Slayers could download to listen to while they are on patrol. This is likely to have a high conversion rate in terms of registrations; the visiting Slayers will hopefully be impressed by the quality of the information in the tutorials and want to download the audio version. One useful plugin that restricts downloads to registered users only is the User Only Downloads plugin available at http://wpmudev.org/project/user-only-downloads. This plugin is very easy to use. For some reason the author uploaded the plugin to WPMU Dev as a text file, so you will need to rename it to a .php file before you can use it. Just upload the renamed file to your mu-plugins folder and tell your users that they can restrict file downloads to members only by using the following tag in their posts: [user_download URL] Logged in users will see a download link, while everyone else will see a bold message telling them that they need to be logged in to download files.  

The big picture: Who are users? Users are people who have registered their details with you and are allocated access to certain resources and information, depending on their role within the scope of your website. They can be administrators and content editors/contributors or customers who purchase goods and services from you. This is different to a casual visitor who lands up at the frontend of your site because he/she has your website address or hopefully has found you through a search engine. You may be able to turn these casual visitors into registered users if you have something to offer them. Say you want to provide special content to only those who are genuinely interested in your services or products. Encouraging them to register allows you to collect contact information (it's best to ask only for the most relevant details, as people generally don't want to give out more than they need to) and keep in touch. Hopefully, you can convert it into an ongoing relationship with sales and benefits for your business. Generating interest in your products and services is important here and suggesting some level of exclusivity can make your customers feel privileged in terms of being privy to information not readily available to just anyone. Put simply though, users are your website visitors, content contributors, and administrators. Depending on their role, they are essentially divided into two broad groups with smaller sub-categories within them. Frontend users Frontend users do not have access to the administration interface and can only access material and information through the frontend. They can be: Registered users, authors, editors, and publishers who have privileges to edit and update information. Guests or casual visitors to your site. These visitors come to your site anonymously and unregistered. People who register their details in order to transact with you. Frontend user definitions When a user is registered with you, they are allocated to a group, as per the settings applied within the Global Configuration. They can be any one of the following: Registered Users are visitors to your site who have registered themselves in order to view certain content or transact with you. Authors can submit new content articles to the site with approval, but can't edit existing articles. A publisher or someone higher must approve these submissions. Editors can submit and edit new content articles. A publisher or someone higher must also approve these entries. Publishers  can submit new content articles, edit existing articles, and publish the articles. None of these user groups have access to the administration interface, and can only edit or add material from the frontend. Administration users Administration users can edit and update the content of your site by logging into the administration control panel and are those who: Have Administrator Manager or Super Administrator access. Each of these roles has specific access. For example, the Manager profile does not have access to the User Manager section. Have various levels of access within the administration control panel, the highest level being Super Administrator. Editing the frontend Login Form From the frontend of your website, the Login Form allows users to access content that is potentially specialized and only visible to them, or to transact with you if you're running an e-commerce site. You can also customize your Login Form by adding text and a link to create new accounts. Lost usernames and passwords The Forgot your password and Forgot your username links are important not only for users to fi nd their password or username again, but also to help you to manage users. Rather than unnecessarily creating a new account if they have lost their login details, having an e-mail prompt sent to reset their details is a more efficient approach. Clicking the link for either will generate a request to enter an e-mail address. A confi rmation e-mail will be sent with a verification token or string of characters which allows the user to enter and reset their password. Alternatively, their username will be emailed to them.      

Deleting events After creating, moving, and editing events, we might come across a case where the edit form is different from the create form. There is no reason why you would want to delete an event that has not yet been created, so there is no reason to add a delete button to the "Create Event" form. We have a choice—add the delete button to the section at the bottom of the modal dialog, next to Save and Cancel, or add it to the body of the form itself. I always try to add delete buttons and links where I think they cannot be hit by accident. Therefore in this case, I chose not to add it to the row of buttons at the bottom. Instead, I placed it in the form itself where there's little chance it will be clicked by accident while saving or closing the form. And even then, if the link is clicked, there is always a secondary "Are you sure?" confirmation box. Client-side code In the calendar_edit_entry function in calender.js, change the beginning of the $.getJSON call to this: $.getJSON('./calendar.php?action=get_event&id='+calEvent.id, function(eventdata){ var controls='<a href="javascript:calendar_delete_entry' +'('+eventdata.id+');">[delete]</a>'; $('<div id="calendar_edit_entry_form" title="Edit Calendar Entry">' +'<div style="float:right;text-align:right">'+controls+'</div>' +'event name<br />' +'<input id="calendar_edit_entry_form_title" value="'+eventdata.title+'" /><br />' +'body text<br />' +'<textarea style="width:400px;height:200px" id="calendar_edit_entry_form_body">' '+eventdata.body+'</textarea></div>' ).appendTo($('body')); $("#calendar_edit_entry_form").dialog({ The only real change is to add the controls variable, which lets us create more buttons if necessary, and add that variable's contained HTML to the form. The only control there at the moment is a delete link, which calls the calendar_delete_entry function when clicked. Add this function now: function calendar_delete_entry(id){ if(confirm('are you sure you want to delete this entry?')){ $('#calendar_edit_entry_form').remove(); $.getJSON('./calendar.php?action=delete_event&id='+id, function(ret){ $('#calendar_wrapper').weekCalendar('refresh'); } ); } } Server-side code On the server side, we add a case to handle deletes: case 'delete_event': // { $id=(int)$_REQUEST['id']; unset($_SESSION['calendar'][$id]); echo 1; exit; // } All it needs to do is to unset the session variable. With that completed, you now have the finished basics of a calendar, where you can create events, move them around, edit them, and delete them. Walk-through of the calendar so far We've built the basics of a weekly calendar, and before we go on to discuss recurring events, let's take the time to walk through the calendar so far with a simple example. Let's say you have an appointment on Tuesday at 2 pm with a business partner. You add that by clicking on that time, as follows: You think that the meeting will go on for about two hours, so you resize it: Now Bob calls up early on Tuesday to say that he's not going to be able to make it, and suggests moving it to Wednesday at 1 pm. You drag the event over: He also says that he won't be able to make it, but Sally would be there. So, you click on the event and edit the form accordingly: Wednesday comes, and of course, something has come up on your end. You call Sally and explain that you won't be able to make it, and delete the event by clicking on the event, and then clicking on the delete link. Simple and quick. What more would you want? Let's do some recurring events. Recurring events Sometimes you will want to have the same event automatically populated in the calendar on a recurrent basis. For example, you go to lunch every day at 1 pm, or there might be a weekly office meeting every Monday morning. In this case, we need to come up with a way of having events recur. This can be simple or very complex. The simplest method is what we'll demonstrate in this article. The simple method involves entering a frequency (daily, monthly, and so on) and a final date, where the events stop recurring. On the server side, when it is asked to create that recurring event, the server actually iterates over the entire requested period and adds each individual event. This is not extremely efficient, but it's simple to write, and it's not likely that anyone would be placing years-long recurrent events on a very regular basis, so it's justifiable. The more complex method is to only create events that are actually visible in the week you are viewing, and whenever you change the week, you check to see if there are any events that are supposed to recur that week but are not visible. This is arguably even less efficient than the simple method, but it would allow us to be a little more flexible—for example, to leave out the final date so that the events just keep recurring. Anyway, given that there are no major drawbacks to either method, we will choose the simpler method. Client-side code On the client side, recurrences are created at the same time as the recurrence of the first event. So, we edit the "Create Event" form. In calendar.js , adapt the calendar_new_entry function by replacing the form-creation line with this: var recurbox='<select id="calendar_new_entry_form_recurring">' +'<option value="0">non-recurring</option>' +'<option value="1">Daily</option>' +'<option value="7">Weekly</option>' +'</select>';$('<div id="calendar_new_entry_form" title="New Calendar Entry">event name<br />' +'<input value="new event" id="calendar_new_entry_form_title" /><br />' +'body text<br />' +'<textarea style="width:400px;height:200px" id="calendar_new_entry_form_body">' event description</textarea>' +recurbox+'</div>') .appendTo($('body')); $('#calendar_new_entry_form_recurring') .change(calendar_new_get_recurring_end); This adds a select box below the body text area, requesting the user to choose a recurring frequency (defaulting to non-recurring). When the select box is changed, the function calendar_new_get_recurring_end is called. This function is used to request the final recurring date. We could use a plain old text field, but jQuery UI includes a really cool date widget, which allows us to request the date and have it stored in our own choice of format. I've chosen yyyy-mm-dd format, as it is easy to manipulate. Add this to calendar.js: function calendar_new_get_recurring_end(){ if(document.getElementById('calendar_new_recurring_end')) return; var year = new Date().getFullYear(); var month = new Date().getMonth(); var day = new Date().getDate(); $('<span> until <input id="calendar_new_recurring_end" value="'+year+'-'+(month+1)+'-'+day+'" style="font-size:14px" class="date" />' +' </span>' ).insertAfter('#calendar_new_entry_form_recurring'); $('.date').datepicker({ 'dateFormat':'yy-mm-dd', 'yearRange':'-10:+50', 'changeYear':true }); } That creates an input field after the dropdown box, and when it is clicked, a calendar pops up: Whoops! What's happened here is that the date pop up's z-index is lower than the modal dialog. That can be corrected by adding this CSS line to the  < head > section of calendar.html: <style type="text/css"> #ui-datepicker-div{ z-index: 2000; }</style> When reloaded, the calendar now looks correct: Great! Now, we just need to send the data to the server. To do that, change the Save button's $.getJSON parameters in the calendar_new_entry function in calendar.js to these (new parameters are highlighted): 'body':$('#calendar_new_entry_form_body').val(), 'title':$('#calendar_new_entry_form_title').val(), 'recurring':$('#calendar_new_entry_form_recurring').val(), 'recurring_end':$('#calendar_new_recurring_end').val() And we're done on the client side. Server-side code On the server side, the save switch case is going to change considerably, so I'll provide the entire section: case 'save': // { $start_date=(int)$_REQUEST['start']; $data=array( 'title'=>$_REQUEST['title'], 'body' =>$_REQUEST['body'], 'start'=>date('c',$start_date), 'end' =>date('c',(int)$_REQUEST['end']) ); $id=(int)$_REQUEST['id']; if($id && isset($_SESSION['calendar'][$id])){ if(isset($_SESSION['calendar'][$id]['recurring'])) $data['recurring']=$_SESSION['calendar'][$id]['recurring']; $_SESSION['calendar'][$id]=$data; } else{ $id=++$_SESSION['calendar']['ids']; $rec=(int)$_REQUEST['recurring']; if($rec) $data['recurring']=$id; $_SESSION['calendar'][$id]=$data; if($rec && $rec==1 || $rec==7){ list($y,$m,$d)=explode('-',$_REQUEST['recurring_end']); $length=(int)$_REQUEST['end']-$start_date; $end_date=mktime(23,59,59,$m,$d,$y); $step=3600*24*$rec; for($j=1,$i=$start_date+$step;$i<$end_date;$j++,$i+=$step){ $data['start']=date('c',$i); $data['end']=date('c',$i+$length); $nextid=++$_SESSION['calendar']['ids']; $_SESSION['calendar'][$nextid]=$data; } } } echo 1; exit; // } OK. From the data point of view, we've added a single field, recurring, which records the first event in the series. This is needed when deleting recurring events that are not needed anymore. When editing an existing event, all that's changed is that the recurring field (if it exists) is copied from the original before the event is overwritten with fresh data (shown highlighted). The real action happens when creating a new event. If a recurring period is required, then the event is copied and pasted at the requested frequency from the event's first creation until the expiry date. This is figured out by counting the seconds, and incrementing as needed. We can immediately see that recurring events work. Here's an example of a week's lunch hours created from the new recurring method: You can shift individual events around, and even delete them, without affecting the rest.