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OpenNebula 3 Cloud Computing
OpenNebula 3 Cloud Computing

OpenNebula 3 Cloud Computing: This book will teach you to build and maintain a cloud infrastructure using OpenNebula, one of the most advanced, highly scalable toolkits for GNU/Linux. Walks you through from initial planning to advanced management techniques.

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OpenNebula 3 Cloud Computing

Chapter 2. Building Up Your Cloud

Before you get started with the OpenNebula installation and configuration procedures, you need to get an overview about the hardware components that are used to build up the physical infrastructure that will host your cloud.

Typical cloud hardware


You need an overview of the typical hardware required for building up your cloud. However, keep in mind that the following advice will only give you an idea of the kind of hardware required. Every infrastructure will have its own requirements, so your mileage may vary.

CPU

One of the most interesting points is that there is no special hardware requirement for your cloud hosts other than having a CPU with virtualization support. You can check it by viewing the information contained in the /proc/cpuinfo file of your Linux box. You can search for the flags vmx for Intel and svm for AMD. The required command is:

$ egrep '(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo|wc -l

If the command returns 0, your CPU lacks virtualization support or you need to enable it under the BIOS setup (enabling procedures vary among hardware manufacturers; check the manual). Otherwise, it will return the number of CPU cores with basic virtualization support.

Virtualization support in CPUs is being improved continuously...

Book conventions


Before starting with the OpenNebula installation, there are some points to be noted.

The platform of choice for this book is Ubuntu Server v10.04 (the current long-term support) due to its growing community (http://ubuntuforums.org/) and availability of documentation (https://help.ubuntu.com/), guides, and how-tos on the Internet, (such as wikis or blogs).

In order for the book to be used as a working step-by-step guide, I will provide the exact commands needed, but I will try to stay as distribution-independent as possible, so that you can use them as reference for every GNU/Linux distribution supported by OpenNebula.

You need to install sudo to allow normal administration tasks from your normal user account. Many of the configuration steps require root privileges, and with sudo, you do not need to switch between root and normal user accounts every now and then.

Monitoring the logfile is essential to detecting configuration problems. It would be nice to have a dedicated terminal...

Basic OS installation and partitioning


We will start with the basic OS installation that can be carried on with different installation media. You can choose any of the options from the following:

Ubuntu installation is pretty straightforward and does not need...

OpenNebula installation through pre-built packages


The recommended way to install OpenNebula is through the distribution-specific packages.

You can download them directly from the OpenNebula website as you would do for a source Tarball, or you can check directly from your distribution repository.

For Ubuntu packages that are distributed by Ubuntu, you can check the available version directly at http://packages.ubuntu.com/source/lucid/opennebula. At the time of writing this book, Ubuntu provides only old OpenNebula packages, so the use of prebuilt packages available from the OpenNebula website is recommended.

The Ubuntu package filename will look like opennebula_3.0.0-1_amd64.deb.

In order to install it after downloading, use the following command:

$ sudo dpkg -i opennebula_3.0.0-1_amd64.deb

In order to fix the eventual package dependency, launch it now by using the following command:

$ sudo apt-get install -f -y

This method will install binaries, libraries, and configurations as you would do...

Basic OpenNebula configuration


After the OpenNebula frontend installation, we can start to configure it using the system user we created previously, during setup (for example, oneadmin).

SSH public-key authentication

The first required step after installing OpenNebula on the frontend node is to configure passwordless SSH logins for the oneadmin user.

You can generate a new RSA keypair for oneadmin, with:

$ ssh-keygen

Stay with the default path option and empty passphrase.

This is required, because OpenNebula communicates with other nodes through SSH protocol and so needs to connect to all of them without the need of entering a password.

In the following chapters, we will see how to configure remote hosts to accept our newly created RSA keys for logging in.

One daemon per oneadmin user

Before starting for the first time with the OpenNebula daemon, you should configure the credentials for the default administrator user of OpenNebula.

$ mkdir -p ~/.one
$ echo "oneadmin:password" > ~/.one/one_auth...

OpenNebula frontend configuration


Now that you have achieved starting the OpenNebula daemon with its default configuration, you need to change it to fit your infrastructure needs. The configuration file for the daemon is called oned.conf, and it is placed inside the /etc/one directory, for system-wide installs, and in $ONE_LOCATION/etc, for self-contained installs.

The process oned is where every OpenNebula action starts, and it is responsible for the management of hosts, virtual networks, virtual machines, users, groups, and the Image Repository.

In the first section of the configuration file, you will find these options:

  • MANAGER_TIMER: This is the wake-up interval in seconds, for oned main functions.

  • HOST_MONITORING_INTERVAL: This is the time in seconds at which host checks are performed (for example, host availability or resource availability check). A lower interval gives you more reactivity to certain events but consumes more resources (keep that in mind for large deployments).

  • HOST_PER_INTERVAL...

Summary


After taking a look at the typical hardware configurations that could be used, we started to configure our basic system with networking. We created a dedicated user for OpenNebula and finally carried out our first OpenNebula installation.

Now that you have a working and well-configured OpenNebula frontend node, you should start working on the hosts by installing the base operating system and configuring hypervisors on them.

The next chapter will be about the required configuration steps for every hypervisor supported by OpenNebula.

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Key benefits

  • Take advantage of open source distributed file-systems for storage scalability and high-availability
  • Build-up, manage and maintain your Cloud without previous knowledge of virtualization and cloud computing
  • Install and configure every supported hypervisor: KVM, Xen, VMware
  • Step-by-step, focused on Ubuntu/Debian distributions, but with general how-to working with every GNU/Linux distribution

Description

OpenNebula is one of the most advanced and highly-scalable open source cloud computing toolkits. If you ever wanted to understand what Cloud Computing is and how to realize it, or if you need a handy way to manage your messy infrastructure in a simple and coherent manner, this is your way. OpenNebula 3 Cloud Computing guides you along the building and maintenance of your cloud infrastructure, providing real-world examples, step-by-step configuration and other critical information. The book keeps you a step ahead in dealing with the demanding nature of cloud computing and virtual infrastructure management using one of the most advanced cloud computing toolkitsñ OpenNebula. The book takes you from a basic knowledge of OpenNebula to expert understanding of the most advanced features.The book starts with a basic planning of hardware resources and presents the unique benefits of the supported hypervisors; you will go in deep with day-to-day management of virtual instances, infrastructure monitoring and integration with Public Clouds like Amazon EC2.With this book you will be able to get started with fast and cheap configuration recipes, but also go deeper for a correct integration with your existing infrastructure.You will deal with well-know virtualization technologies like Xen and VMware, but also with the promising KVM technology integrated in the Linux kernel. After the basic infrastructure set-up, you will learn how to create and manage virtual instance via both command-line and web interfaces, and how to monitor your existing resources.At the end, the book acquaints you with integrating your local infrastructure with external Cloud resources but also publishing your resources to others via common API interfaces.

Who is this book for?

If you are a GNU/Linux system administrator with no experience with virtualization or cloud computing but eager to learn about it, or you are thwarted by your current virtualized infrastructure, this book is for you. You are expected to have some basic knowledge of GNU/Linux, with knowledge of basic package management tools and system configuration.

What you will learn

  • Plan your hardware infrastructure and keep resources and hardware under monitoring
  • Install OpenNebula, from sources or binary distribution and configure it on your front-end host
  • Install and configure KVM, Xen and VMware ESXi on your hosts, building from sources when needed
  • Integrate with existing NAS/SAN infrastructure or provide flexible and scalable storage with distributed file-systems
  • Manage your day to day virtual instances via both command-line and web interfaces
  • Monitor your infrastructure continuously using OpenNebula
  • Extend your cloud with resources from remote Cloud providers using standard API interface
  • Provide Cloud resources to external facilities through standardized API interfaces
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Publication date : May 25, 2012
Length: 314 pages
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Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781849517461
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Table of Contents

9 Chapters
OpenNebula and Why it Matters? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Building Up Your Cloud Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Hypervisors Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Choosing Your Storage Carefully Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Being Operational—Everything Starts Here! Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Web Management Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Health and Monitoring Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Hybrid Cloud Computing: Extending OpenNebula Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Public Cloud Computing and High Availability with OpenNebula Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

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NK Aug 31, 2012
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Book is very compact in size, taking into account so much of content about OpenNebula. Last two years I have been installing, configuring and running OpenNebula for the research with few dozens of servers. The book has very helpful theoretical and mostly technical content.For my work I referred to online documentation, blogs, OpenNebula forum and mailing lis. Finally, Giovanni Toraldo made an excellent work, collecting all of the content needed for very beginner to industry expert for set up, manage ad maintain OpenNebula cloud. It is very nice to have all content in one place. Book makes very easy to understand cloud internals, not only for OpenNebula but for all existing open source cloud solutions.Also, I found "Tips and tricks" boxes very useful. They remind me easy traps which beginner can fall into during initial set up. Notes in the boxes are very handy, since it might save your days of digging down to the problem, reading forum posts or Googling. Latter was the case for me. So, content of the book requires keen attention, especially notes boxes.It is great to have a book like this where author shares his insight experience and knowledge about open source project. Usually, thorough explanation of software modules, script and interaction between parts are not explained in the documentation, and almost impossible to find. This book includes in depth explanation of parts of the OpenNebula, such as image transfer manager, hooks, Ganglia integration and etc. I highly recommend this book for everyone getting into the cloud, regardless of their level of experience.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
C. Moeller Oct 01, 2012
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
If you have been looking into understanding, and seeing how to setup your own cloud solution, this is a great book. The book starts with an overview of OpenNebula, then into all the different things you'll have to consider when starting, and setting up Open Nebula. You'll learn how to everything up, what hardware you should consider, and how to install extra applications that it easier to interface and use OpenNebula, as well as how to administer and manage your datacenter, once it is setup.If you have been interested in cloud computing, and would like to see how to set it up using an open source solution like OpenNebula, this will be a great book to get you setup and working.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Javi Jul 23, 2012
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This book provides a good reference for anyone that wants to learn about OpenNebula-based Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) clouds. The book covers the different scenarios that you can have within an IaaS cloud. Thus, it can be used to just get a general introduction and deploy a testing infrastructure; or to plan and deploy a production infrastructure.Since the information is structure as a guide, it is easy to follow and learn how to manage OpenNebula. Moreover, every time that a related technology is mentioned, like GlusterFS, Glanglia, or Amazon Web Services, it goes with an explanation of how to install and configure it to ensure the integration with OpenNebula.I found particularly interesting the last two sections, where it is explained how to go beyond the limits of you private cloud by using resources offered by public clouds (such as Amazon Web Services). In addition, it details the way to convert your private cloud into a public one and how to manage, from a centralized place, a large infrastructure as a federation of clouds.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Stefan Freitag Jul 06, 2012
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
From 2006 to mid 2012 I was working in the field of Grid Computing and also administered a small high performance compute cluster at a university. One of my aims concerning this cluster was the virtualization of all physical machines. Then I heard of Cloud Computing and OpenNebula in particular. Cloud Computing implies very often virtualization and OpenNebula seemed to be a solution to the question "how do i manage the virtual machines".To sum up, I started very early with OpenNebula and accompanied its development over a long time. Unfortunately I had to shift my focus, so that I missed newer developments in OpenNebula, e.g. the cloud operations center "Sunstone". Hence, I am quite happy that Giovanni took the time to write this book! From my point of view, it is written for beginners as well as experts. Giovanni describes not only the internal architecture of OpenNebula with its core components, but also the basic ideas of virtualization and storage management. Beginners learn how to setup Xen-, KVM-, or VMware ESXi-based compute resources and how to integrate them into OpenNebula. Experts interested in shared storage solutions will find information about GlusterFS and MooseFS.
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Rodrigue Chakode Aug 27, 2012
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
PACKT Publishing [1] recently contacted me for reviewing the Book "OpenNebula 3 Cloud Computing" [2] written by Giovanni Toraldo. Despite my agenda these last months and the size of the book (315 pages), I accepted this proposition.I like OpenNebula that I worked with more than three years during my PhD. From the version 1.2 the first one I downloaded in 2009, the software has been significantly improved. However, I was often frustrated that this nice software lacks of a handbook for learning tips and tricks to easily set up the clouds required for my experiments. That's, among other reasons, why I accepted to review this book.Globally, I really enjoyed reading the book. Well written, it covers the major aspects of OpenNebula. The author starts by introducing the basics of the virtualization technologies (e.g. Xen, KVM, VMware) so to help the reader to understand what OpenNebula is and how it works along with those virtualization technologies. The author then provides a step-by-step guide for installing the software. I particularly appreciated how the storage of virtual machine images as well as the applications' data are addressed. Two examples are provided with GlusterFS [3] and MooseFS [4], two major distributed file systems. The author goes deeper into various other OpenNebula's features such as Virtual Network Management, Web Management, Monitoring, coupling with public clouds [5] (e.g. Amazon EC2). I also appreciated the fact that he provides relevant examples for illustrating the functionalities that are introduced.I have some minor criticisms about the book however. I think that lacks of some conceptual considerations, to address for example situations where we need to build custom clouds based on OpenNebula. Indeed, instead of basis IaaS clouds, many people are often interested in building custom clouds. A scientist for instance will be mainly interested in how to customize OpenNebula to prototype the new models of clouds he is designing. Unfortunately, the book just briefly introduces the contextualization as well as the OpenNebula's APIs (OCCI, XML-RPC) that are two relevant features for addressing such a need. May be that will be covered in the next edition of the book.[...][...][...][...][...]
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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