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Modular Programming with PHP 7
Modular Programming with PHP 7

Modular Programming with PHP 7: Utilize the power of modular programming to improve code readability, maintainability, and testability

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Modular Programming with PHP 7

Chapter 2. GoF Design Patterns

There are a handful of things that make a great software developer. Knowledge and usage of design patterns is one of them. Design patterns empower developers to communicate using well-known names for various software interactions. Whether someone is a PHP, Python, C#, Ruby, or any other language developer, design patterns provide language agnostic solutions for frequently occurring software problems.

The concept of design patterns emerged in 1994 as part of the Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software book. Detailing 23 different design patterns, the book was written by four authors Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, and John Vlissides. The authors are often referred to as the Gang of Four (GoF), and the presented design patterns are sometimes referred to as GoF design patterns. In Today, more than two decades later, designing software that is extensible, reusable, maintainable, and adaptable is near to impossible without embracing design...

Creational patterns

Creational patterns, as the name suggests, create objects for us, so we do not have to instantiate them directly. Implementing creation patterns gives our application a level of flexibility, where the application itself can decide what objects to instantiate at a given time. The following is a list of patterns we categorize as creational patterns:

  • Abstract factory pattern
  • Builder pattern
  • Factory method pattern
  • Prototype pattern
  • Singleton pattern

Note

See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creational_pattern for more information about creational design patterns.

Abstract factory pattern

Building portable applications requires a great level of dependencies encapsulation. The abstract factory facilitates this by abstracting the creation of families of related or dependent objects. Clients never create these platform objects directly, the factory does it for them, making it possible to interchange concrete implementations without changing the code that uses them, even at runtime.

The...

Structural patterns

Structural patterns deal with class and object composition. Using interfaces or abstract classes and methods, they define ways to compose objects, which in turn obtain new functionality. The following is a list of patterns we categorize as structural patterns:

  • Adapter
  • Bridge
  • Composite
  • Decorator
  • Facade
  • Flyweight
  • Proxy

Note

See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_pattern for more information about structural design patterns.

Adapter pattern

The adapter pattern allows the interface of an existing class to be used from another interface, basically, helping two incompatible interfaces to work together by converting the interface of one class into an interface expected by another class.

The following is an example of adapter pattern implementation:

class Stripe {
    public function capturePayment($amount) {
        /* Implementation... */
    }

    public function authorizeOnlyPayment($amount) {
        /* Implementation... */
    }

    public function cancelAmount($amount) {
...

Behavioral patterns

Behavioral patterns tackle the challenge of communication between various objects. They describe how different objects and classes send messages to each other to make things happen. The following is a list of patterns we categorize as behavioral patterns:

  • Chain of responsibility
  • Command
  • Interpreter
  • Iterator
  • Mediator
  • Memento
  • Observer
  • State
  • Strategy
  • Template method
  • Visitor

Chain of responsibility pattern

The chain of responsibility pattern decouples the sender of a request from its receiver, by enabling more than one object to handle requests, in a chain manner. Various types of handling objects can be added dynamically to the chain. Using a recursive composition chain allows for an unlimited number of handling objects.

The following is an example of chain of responsibility pattern implementation:

abstract class SocialNotifier {
    private $notifyNext = null;

    public function notifyNext(SocialNotifier $notifier) {
        $this->notifyNext = $notifier;
        return $this-&gt...

Summary

Design patterns are a common, high-level language for developers. They enable a short-hand way of communicating application design among team members. Understanding how to recognize and implement design patterns shifts our focus to business requirement solving, rather than tinkering with how to glue our solution together on a code level.

Coding, like most hand-crafted disciplines, is one of those where you get what you pay for. While implementing a number of design patterns takes a certain amount of time, lack of doing so on a larger project will likely catch up with us in the future, one way or another. Similar to the "use a framework or not" debate, implementing the right design patterns affects extensibility, re-usability, adaptability, and maintainability of our code. Therefore, making it more future proof.

Moving forward, in the next chapter, we will look into the SOLID design principles and the role they play in software development processes.

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Key benefits

  • This book demonstrates code reusability and distributed development to get high speed, maintainable, and fast applications
  • It illustrates the development of a complete modular application developed using PHP7 in detail
  • This book provides a high-level overview of the Symfony framework, a set of tools and a development methodology that are needed to build a modular web shop application

Description

Modular design techniques help you build readable, manageable, reusable, and more efficient codes. PHP 7, which is a popular open source scripting language, is used to build modular functions for your software. With this book, you will gain a deep insight into the modular programming paradigm and how to achieve modularity in your PHP code. We start with a brief introduction to the new features of PHP 7, some of which open a door to new concepts used in modular development. With design patterns being at the heart of all modular PHP code, you will learn about the GoF design patterns and how to apply them. You will see how to write code that is easy to maintain and extend over time with the help of the SOLID design principles. Throughout the rest of the book, you will build different working modules of a modern web shop application using the Symfony framework, which will give you a deep understanding of modular application development using PHP 7.

Who is this book for?

This step-by-step guide is divided into two sections. The first section explores all the fundamentals of modular design technique with respect to PHP 7. The latter section demonstrates the practical development of individual modules of a web shop application.

What you will learn

  • * Discover the new features of PHP 7 that are relevant to modular application development
  • * Write manageable code based on the GoF design patterns and SOLID principles
  • * Define the application requirements of a working modular application
  • * Explore the ins and outs of the Symfony framework
  • * Build a set of modules based on the Symfony framework that comprise a simple web shop app
  • * Use core modules to set the structure and dependencies for other modules to use
  • * Set up entities that are relevant to the module functionality and see how to manage these entities
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Publication date : Sep 09, 2016
Length: 332 pages
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Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781786462954
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ISBN-13 : 9781786462954
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Table of Contents

13 Chapters
1. Ecosystem Overview Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2. GoF Design Patterns Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3. SOLID Design Principles Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
4. Requirement Specification for a Modular Web Shop App Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
5. Symfony at a Glance Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
6. Building the Core Module Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
7. Building the Catalog Module Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
8. Building the Customer Module Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
9. Building the Payment Module Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
10. Building the Shipment Module Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
11. Building the Sales Module Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
12. Integrating and Distributing Modules Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

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Paul McDowell Dec 01, 2020
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If you have heard of the term "DRY Programming" (Don't Repeat Yourself) this is an excellent book to break the repetitive code habit.
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