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Mastering ArcGIS Server Development with JavaScript
Mastering ArcGIS Server Development with JavaScript

Mastering ArcGIS Server Development with JavaScript: Transform maps and raw data into full-fledged web mapping applications using the power of the ArcGIS JavaScript API and JavaScript libraries

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Mastering ArcGIS Server Development with JavaScript

Chapter 2. Digging into the API

An Application Programming Interface (API) defines the operations, formats, and data structures available from a networked service. The developer writes code using the API to tell a server to accomplish a task. An API is built on top of an existing programming language, and uses the syntax and features of the language to make communications with a computer easier to code.

At one point, ESRI had three web-based APIs to communicate with ArcGIS Server: Flash, Silverlight, and JavaScript. With the rise of the mobile web and improvements in browsers, the ArcGIS JavaScript API won as the browser of choice. To make the best use of the ArcGIS Server map features, it's best to learn what's available from the JavaScript API. We're going to take a tour through the API, to become familiar with what it has to offer.

Unlike the other chapters in this book, this chapter provides more of a reference than a programming exercise. Short code snippets...

Finding the ArcGIS JavaScript API documentation

You can find the documentation for the ArcGIS API for JavaScript by visiting https://developers.arcgis.com/javascript/jsapi/. There, you'll find information on the latest version of the API, a list of changes since the previous version, and related documents to help you create apps. The organization is logical, and information is relatively easy to find with their layout.

The documentation layout

The documentation for each element in the ArcGIS API is laid out in an organized fashion. Links to the API components are on the left-hand side. The documentation for each element defaults to the AMD style, but provides links to the older legacy development style. With the AMD style, the top of the page shows how to load the module into your code. Following that is a description of the module, a link to samples that use the module, and a class hierarchy diagram showing the modules the current module inherits.

Object constructor

If the module requires...

Drawing a map

When working with the ArcGIS JavaScript API, one of the first things you'll want to do is to create a map. The map transforms a simple div element into an interactive canvas where you can display, request, and even edit geographic data. The map is a complicated object, so we'll spend a significant amount of time focusing on it. Let's learn how to make a map in our scripts.

Constructor options

When a map is first created using the ArcGIS JavaScript API, the developer has numerous parameters that can be used to configure the map. We were exposed to some of those parameters in the previous chapter, when we created our first map application. Let's look into a few of them a little more closely.

Autoresize

The Autoresize function, which by default is true, tells the map whether it should resize itself when the browser changes size or orientation. If you have a full screen map application, and you maximize or resize your browser, the map will automatically adjust...

Layers

No map is complete without data to show. Data is added to the map through layers. Layers refer to data sources that include geographic, symbolic, and even tabular data. The ArcGIS API for JavaScript contains a number of modules for interpreting different kinds of common geographic data sources. Some of the layer modules work with data provided by ArcGIS Server, and others can display data from other sources, such as KML, Web Map Service (WMS), and CSV files.

Common ArcGIS Server layers

ArcGIS Server provides map layer data through Map Services. Map Services provide data published from an ArcMap map document (.mxd). The visual map data, legend, and underlying data tables are served through ArcGIS Server, and can be consumed through the browser when the layer data source is loaded into the map. Different layer types have different functionalities. We will review those layers in the following sections.

ArcGISDynamicMapServiceLayer

An ArcGISDynamicMapServiceLayer is the default type of map...

Graphics

A graphic object represents an individual point, line, or polygon feature drawn on the webmap. The graphic object has four main parts: its geometry, symbol, attributes, and infoTemplate. They are used in many parts of the API. If you draw something on the map, you create a graphic. If you query a map service for something, it returns a list of graphics. Some modules even accept lists of graphics as arguments for other functions.

The graphic object can be constructed with up to four optional arguments:

  • geometry: It describes the shape of the graphic drawn on the map
  • symbol: It describes the graphic's color, thickness, and features that affect the appearance of the graphic
  • attribute: A JavaScript object containing name-value pairs of tabular data that correspond with the feature
  • infoTemplate: It formats the look of the graphic attributes when highlighted by the map's InfoWindow

We'll look more closely at these graphic features in the following sections.

Introducing geometry objects

Geometry objects are a collection of coordinates that describe where something is in the world. They give shape to the data we're looking for. They can be used for displaying graphics on a map, or to provide spatial data for queries, or even for geoprocessing services. Geometry objects come in five basic types: point, line, polygon, extent, and multipoint. Any shapes are built on these basic types. Let's take a closer look.

Point

In the ArcGIS API for JavaScript, a point is the simplest geometry object. It contains the x and y coordinates of the point, as well as the point's spatial reference. A point can be constructed with x and y coordinates, plus a spatial reference. It can also be defined by longitude and latitude.

Polyline

A polyline geometry is a collection of one or more arrays of point coordinates. Each array of point coordinates is called a path, and would look like a line when drawn out. Multiple paths can be stored in the same geometry...

Finding the ArcGIS JavaScript API documentation


You can find the documentation for the ArcGIS API for JavaScript by visiting https://developers.arcgis.com/javascript/jsapi/. There, you'll find information on the latest version of the API, a list of changes since the previous version, and related documents to help you create apps. The organization is logical, and information is relatively easy to find with their layout.

The documentation layout

The documentation for each element in the ArcGIS API is laid out in an organized fashion. Links to the API components are on the left-hand side. The documentation for each element defaults to the AMD style, but provides links to the older legacy development style. With the AMD style, the top of the page shows how to load the module into your code. Following that is a description of the module, a link to samples that use the module, and a class hierarchy diagram showing the modules the current module inherits.

Object constructor

If the module requires a...

Drawing a map


When working with the ArcGIS JavaScript API, one of the first things you'll want to do is to create a map. The map transforms a simple div element into an interactive canvas where you can display, request, and even edit geographic data. The map is a complicated object, so we'll spend a significant amount of time focusing on it. Let's learn how to make a map in our scripts.

Constructor options

When a map is first created using the ArcGIS JavaScript API, the developer has numerous parameters that can be used to configure the map. We were exposed to some of those parameters in the previous chapter, when we created our first map application. Let's look into a few of them a little more closely.

Autoresize

The Autoresize function, which by default is true, tells the map whether it should resize itself when the browser changes size or orientation. If you have a full screen map application, and you maximize or resize your browser, the map will automatically adjust and fill the space assigned...

Layers


No map is complete without data to show. Data is added to the map through layers. Layers refer to data sources that include geographic, symbolic, and even tabular data. The ArcGIS API for JavaScript contains a number of modules for interpreting different kinds of common geographic data sources. Some of the layer modules work with data provided by ArcGIS Server, and others can display data from other sources, such as KML, Web Map Service (WMS), and CSV files.

Common ArcGIS Server layers

ArcGIS Server provides map layer data through Map Services. Map Services provide data published from an ArcMap map document (.mxd). The visual map data, legend, and underlying data tables are served through ArcGIS Server, and can be consumed through the browser when the layer data source is loaded into the map. Different layer types have different functionalities. We will review those layers in the following sections.

ArcGISDynamicMapServiceLayer

An ArcGISDynamicMapServiceLayer is the default type of map...

Graphics


A graphic object represents an individual point, line, or polygon feature drawn on the webmap. The graphic object has four main parts: its geometry, symbol, attributes, and infoTemplate. They are used in many parts of the API. If you draw something on the map, you create a graphic. If you query a map service for something, it returns a list of graphics. Some modules even accept lists of graphics as arguments for other functions.

The graphic object can be constructed with up to four optional arguments:

  • geometry: It describes the shape of the graphic drawn on the map

  • symbol: It describes the graphic's color, thickness, and features that affect the appearance of the graphic

  • attribute: A JavaScript object containing name-value pairs of tabular data that correspond with the feature

  • infoTemplate: It formats the look of the graphic attributes when highlighted by the map's InfoWindow

We'll look more closely at these graphic features in the following sections.

Introducing geometry objects


Geometry objects are a collection of coordinates that describe where something is in the world. They give shape to the data we're looking for. They can be used for displaying graphics on a map, or to provide spatial data for queries, or even for geoprocessing services. Geometry objects come in five basic types: point, line, polygon, extent, and multipoint. Any shapes are built on these basic types. Let's take a closer look.

Point

In the ArcGIS API for JavaScript, a point is the simplest geometry object. It contains the x and y coordinates of the point, as well as the point's spatial reference. A point can be constructed with x and y coordinates, plus a spatial reference. It can also be defined by longitude and latitude.

Polyline

A polyline geometry is a collection of one or more arrays of point coordinates. Each array of point coordinates is called a path, and would look like a line when drawn out. Multiple paths can be stored in the same geometry, giving the appearance...

Symbols and renderers


The ArcGIS API provides some basic graphics tools to define how features look on your map. If you are creating your own custom graphics, or modifying some existing ones, this portion of the API tells you how to define their symbols. The API also provides custom renderers, which help you define what symbols are used, based on rules applied by the renderer.

Simple symbols

The ArcGIS API uses symbols to define the colors, thicknesses, and other visual features of graphics, independent of their shape. In fact, without a symbol assigned, the graphics would not show up. The API defines three simple symbols to highlight points, line, and polygons. Let's look at the Simple Symbols.

SimpleLineSymbol

The SimpleLineSymbol defines the symbology of line and polyline graphics added to the map. It may seem strange to start with line symbology, but the other two Simple symbols make use of a line symbol as well. The primary SimpleLineSymbol's properties are its color, its width (in pixels...

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Description

ESRI and its ArcGIS line of software have been an industry leader in digital map production and publication for over 30 years. ArcGIS Server lets you design, configure, and publish maps that can be viewed and edited through the Internet. After designing basic maps, you may want to find out new and innovative ways to represent information using these maps. In this book, you'll work through practical examples, experiencing the pitfalls and successes of creating desktop and mobile map applications for a web browser using the ArcGIS Server platform. The book begins by introducing you to ArcGIS Server and ESRI's JavaScript API. You'll work with your first web map and then move on to learn about ESRI's building blocks. A Dojo AMS style widget will help you create your own widgets for a map and then see how to collect geographic data. Furthermore, you will learn different techniques such as using Dojo Charts to create charts and graphs to represent your data. Then you will see how to use ESRI JavaScript API with other JavaScript libraries and different styling methods to make your map stand out. By the end of the book, you will discover how to make your application compatible with different devices and platforms and test it using testing libraries.

Who is this book for?

This book is intended for intermediate developers who want to design web mapping applications. You should have some experience with geographic information systems, especially with ArcGIS products such as ArcGIS Server. It also helps to have some experience with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.

What you will learn

  • Create singlepage mapping applications, lining up data from different sources
  • Search for and display geographic and tabular information based on locations and attributes
  • Customize maps and widgets to deliver the best user experience
  • Present location data intuitively using charts and graphs
  • Integrate mapping applications with your favorite JavaScript frameworks
  • Test the working of your web map application and take advantage of cloud services such as ArcGIS Online
  • Create modernlooking web maps through styling tips and tricks
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Table of Contents

12 Chapters
1. Your First Mapping Application Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2. Digging into the API Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3. The Dojo Widget System Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
4. Finding Peace in REST Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
5. Editing Map Data Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
6. Charting Your Progress Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
7. Plays Well with Others Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
8. Styling Your Map Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
9. Mobile Development Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
10. Testing Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
11. The Future of ArcGIS Development Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon Empty star icon 3.7
(3 Ratings)
5 star 66.7%
4 star 0%
3 star 0%
2 star 0%
1 star 33.3%
David Oct 25, 2017
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
I really enjoyed using this book. Great experience even if you already know a good bit of JavaScript or Esri technology. There were so many excellent little tips and tricks to pick up on.
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Michael Pucheu Oct 25, 2017
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Good read. Has information that I did not find in other books on the same topic.
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Michael Hay Aug 11, 2017
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The code that is provided on Packt's website to use with the exercises does not work. Going through the exercise making sure the provided code matches what is shown in the book does not fix anything.
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