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Learning Shell Scripting with Zsh
Learning Shell Scripting with Zsh

Learning Shell Scripting with Zsh: Your one-stop guide to reading, writing, and debugging simple and complex Z shell scripts.

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Learning Shell Scripting with Zsh

Chapter 2. Alias and History

In this chapter, we'll expand on the basics of zsh while focusing on aliases, one of the most time-saving features available. We'll take a closer look at how aliases work and learn to replace long, boring commands with our own short versions and automate the whole process within the startup files. We'll then move on to brace expansion, in order to avoid typing extra keystrokes whenever we can. Instead of typing the same things over again, we'll learn how to work with zsh's history and history expansion mechanisms and incorporate these new features into our workflow.

Working with aliases


An alias is an alternative way of saying the same thing. Think of it as a nickname for your commands. Though, unlike the embarrassing nicknames that you might get after a party, the alias mechanism provided by your shell is a handy shortcut to a series of commands and options under a friendlier name. The whole point of an alias is to do more and, preferably, type less.

I bet I got your attention with that last "type less" part. Allow me to explain:

The ls command lists a directory's contents. A quick look at its manpage (man ls) tells us that there are quite a few options there:

ls -a # lists all files, even those hidden that start with a dot
ls -l # shows more information for each file, like size and permissions

Using aliases we can go ahead and do something like the following:

% alias la='ls -a'

Note

No spaces are allowed around the equals (=) sign. If the right-hand side of the assignment (that is, the part that comes after the equals) contains spaces or tabs, then make...

Expansion


The shell allows you to perform different types of manipulations right before executing a line. In the following section we'll learn how to take advantage of each of the different forms of expansion and substitution available in zsh.

Parameter expansion

Parameter expansion allows you to replace known variables in between the assignments of the command line. Simply put, parameter substitution is the mechanism by which the shell can change the following:

% foo=Hello

It will be changed to the following:

% echo "${foo}, world!"
> Hello, world!

Notice how the variable foo we declared in the previous line is replaced inside the arguments of echo with its actual value. You should be paying special attention to that peculiar ${} construction. What happens is that when zsh reads the ${foo} construction, it immediately knows it has to replace what's in it with whatever value it holds.

The astute reader might also have taken notice of the double quotes that surround the echo arguments. It...

Working with history


Like an elephant, many modern Unix shells tend to remember in great detail the copious amount of commands entered while working with them. As many others, zsh too boasts a history log and an even more convenient way of accessing each of its entries. Being able to glimpse at what you have been up to is not only practical from a work-log perspective, but also as a way to speed things up. Think about it; you could use history to see (and eventually edit) a previously typed command, get a bit of context as to what's going on with your system, or avoid retyping the same thing over and over. Being able to easily retrieve a command from the past sounds awesome, because it is indeed a really neat feature.

We'll now take a look at how to use zsh's history expansion to work with previous entries in the command line.

Note

Working with history

A more traditional approach to recalling history entries is by using the up arrow and down arrow keys on your keyboard to scroll through history...

Summary


In this chapter we had a look at some of the most prominent time-saving features of zsh. The purpose of this entry in our shell adventure was to start accomplishing more by typing less. Thus, this chapter focused on understanding aliases, how they work, and how to roll our own keystroke-saving definitions in a way that won't cause more trouble than what they attempt to solve.

We then moved onto expansions, learning the ways of arithmetic and brace expansion in order to make command-line related chores feel more like a breeze. Finally, we took a closer look at how to work with history, going beyond the keyboard arrow-mashing approach and learning history expansion and event designators in order to avoid repeating ourselves into oblivion.

By now you should have a fairly solid notion regarding the following:

  • Aliases: We learned what an alias is and how to define a useful shortcut for our commands together with a handful of tips to start your collection.

  • Parameter expansion, command substitution...

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Publication date : Jan 15, 2014
Length: 132 pages
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Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781783282937
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ISBN-13 : 9781783282937
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Table of Contents

6 Chapters
Getting Started Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Alias and History Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Advanced Editing Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Globbing Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Completion Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Tips and Tricks Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

Top Reviews
Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 2.3
(9 Ratings)
5 star 22.2%
4 star 0%
3 star 11.1%
2 star 22.2%
1 star 44.4%
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Norbert Kurz Feb 03, 2014
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
I always use the bash for my daily work as a System Operator but always heared that the Z shell should be more powerful. And indeed it is. With this book as a good introduction to the alternative shell I mastered the Zsh very quick. This Book ist perfect if you have no knowledge of Zsh and maybe a bit bash knowledge, so if you are new or want to change the shell this should be the book of your choice. But it is not a Linux reference so if you want to learn Linux you should buy something else. The explanations are easy to understand and everything is also explained with an example. The only thing which can be a bit disturbing are the jokes, they can be funny but I won't promise it.So I can recommend this book to anyone who has at least a bit of Linux knowledge and wants to learn the Z Shell. I can't guarantee you that you will enjoy the jokes but you will certainly learn how to use the best shell in an easy and memorizable way. The Author did a good Job
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software_craftsman Dec 02, 2018
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
I thought it was a gentle introduction zsh abilities and is succinct in explaining the capabilities of the zsh. Good overall book
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Luca Ferrari Dec 05, 2017
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 3
In the beginning it was a little boring, but then it goes into the trickery of zsh making you more aware of what you can do with such an amazing shell.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
C. Neukirchen Mar 16, 2014
Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 2
[Full disclosure: I have received a digital copy of the book in exchange forthis review.]The book is titled "Learning Shell Scripting with Zsh: Your one-stopguide to reading, writing, and debugging simple and complex Z shellscripts" which could not be more wrong. A far more appropriate titlewould have been: "Getting started with Zsh: Your guide to interactive useand first steps of customization".A first glance through the table of contents proves me right: Thereare chapters on "Getting started", "Alias and History", "AdvancedEditing", "Globbing", "Completion", and "Tips and Tricks", but noexplicit mention of writing shell scripts for purposes other thancustomization of an interactive shell.I'm not completely sure of the target audience: The book assumes basicfamiliarity with (Bourne) shell already, half-heartedly explains pipesor redirections as well as how to define shell functions, bute.g. there is no mention of how to pass or parse arguments. After asingle example of a very simple completion function in Chapter 5 (withexplanation), the reader is assumed know enough for writing his owncompletions. I highly doubt that.I found the book riddled with small mistakes, imprecise to wrongexplanations and plain terribly sloppy typesetting of the codeexamples, which hurts particularly in a book about shell where syntaxis lax but proper newlines matter.Examples are often not very well chosen and occasionally confusingeven to me, who is very familiar with the topic.The over-emphatic style with its needless rambling and cheeky languagedoes not save the book but probably annoys the reader even more. (Ihope not to ever read "You know, because widescreen." in a bookagain.) Without, a lot more actual content and perhaps a realintroduction to shell *usage* would have fit into these compact 118pages.The book finishes with a recommendation to read "From Bash To Z Shell"next. All I can recommend is: better skip this book completely andstart with that one if you are interested in a good book about zsh.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Andrew George Oct 27, 2021
Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 2
I'm not sure if it's the book or the subject. There isn't anything on function arguments and the majority of the content is focused on stupid customization. While personalized systems can improve the efficiency of operation, there isn't much point if the system cannot be used to automate a process. Bash in a nutshell was a bit dense for the subject, but one need not finish the book before the subject matter can be put to use.
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