Java EE 5 Development with NetBeans 6

For Microsoft Windows platforms, NetBeans is downloaded as an executable file named something like netbeans-6.5-windows.exe (the exact name depends on the version of NetBeans and the NetBeans pack that was selected for download). To install NetBeans on Windows platforms, simply navigate to the folder where NetBeans was installed and double-click on the executable file that was downloaded.

For Mac OS X, the downloaded file is called something like netbeans-6.5-macosx.dmg (the exact name depends on the NetBeans version and the NetBeans pack that was selected for download). In order to install NetBeans, navigate to the location where the file was downloaded and double-click on it.

The Mac OS X installer contains four packages: NetBeans, Glassfish, Tomcat, and OpenESB. These four packages need to be installed individually; they can be installed by simply double-clicking on each one of them. Please note that GlassFish must be installed before.

For Linux and Solaris, NetBeans is downloaded in the form of a shell script. The name of the file will be something like netbeans-6.5-linux.sh, netbeans-6.5-solaris-x86.sh, and netbeans-6.5-solaris-sparc.sh, depending on the version of NetBeans, the selected platform, and the selected NetBeans pack.

Before NetBeans can be installed in these platforms, the downloaded file needs to be made executable, this can be done in the command line by navigating to the directory where the NetBeans installer was downloaded and executing the following command:

chmod +x ./filename.sh

Substitute filename.sh with the appropriate file name for the platform and NetBeans pack.

Once the file is executable it can be installed from the command line:

./filename.sh

Again, substitute filename.sh with the appropriate file name for the platform and NetBeans pack.

For other platforms, NetBeans can be downloaded as a platform independent zip file. The name of the zip file will be something like netbeans-6.5-200811261600.zip (the exact file name may vary, depending on the version of NetBeans downloaded and the NetBeans pack that was selected).

To install NetBeans on one of these platforms, simply extract the zip file to any suitable directory.

Even though the way to execute the installer varies slightly between platforms, the installer behaves in a similar way between all of them.

After executing the NetBeans installation file for our platform, we should see a window similar to the one illustrated in the following screenshot:

The packs shown may vary depending on the NetBeans pack that was downloaded, the previous screen shot is for the All pack.

At this point we should click on the button labeled Next> to continue the installation.

NetBeans is dual licensed. Licenses for NetBeans include the GNU Public License (GPL) version 2 with CLASSPATH exception, and the Common Development and Distribution License (CDDL). Both of these licenses are approved by the Open Source Initiative (OSI).

To continue installing NetBeans, click on the checkbox labeled I accept the terms in the license agreement and click on the button labeled Next>.

At this point the installer will prompt us for a NetBeans installation directory, and for a JDK to use with NetBeans. We can either select new values for these or take the provided defaults.

Once we have selected the appropriate installation directory and JDK, we need to click on the button labeled Next> to continue the installation.

The installer will now prompt us for an installation directory, JDK and other information for the GlassFish 2 application server, usually the defaults are sensible, but we can change them if we have a reason to.

At this point the installer will prompt us for an installation directory for the GlassFish 3 application server, providing a sensible default.

At this point the installer will display a summary of our choices, after reviewing the summary, we need to click on the button labeled Install to begin the installation.

At this point installation will begin, the installer displays a progress bar indicating how far along in the installation it is.

After NetBeans and all related components have been installed, the installer indicates a successful installation.

On most platforms, the installer places a NetBeans icon on the desktop, the icon should look like the following image:

Integrating NetBeans with an application server is very simple. To do so, we need to take the following steps:

First, we need to click on the tab labeled Services, it can be found at the top-right of the NetBeans main window.

Next, we need to right-click on the node labeled Servers in the tree inside the Services tab, and select Add Server... from the resulting pop-up menu.

Then we need to select the server to install from the list in the resulting window, and click on the button labeled Next>.

We then need to enter a location in the file system where the application server is installed and click Next>.

Finally, we need to select a Domain, Host, and Port for our application server, then click on the Finish button.

The Services tab should now display our newly added application server.

That's it! We have successfully integrated NetBeans with a third party application server.

NetBeans comes with built-in integration with the JavaDB RDBMS system. Additionally, it comes with JDBC drivers for other RDBMS systems such as MySQL and PostgreSQL, as well as the JDBC-ODBC bridge driver to connect to RDBMS systems that don't natively support JDBC or for which a JDBC driver is not readily available.

Although the JDBC-ODBC bridge allows us to connect to most RDBMS systems without having to obtain a JDBC driver, it is usually a better idea to obtain a JDBC driver for our RDBMS. The JDBC-ODBC bridge does not offer the best performance and there are JDBC drivers available for the vast majority of RDBMS systems.

Adding a JDBC Driver to NetBeans

Before we can connect to a third party RDBMS, we need to add its JDBC driver to NetBeans. To add the JDBC driver, we need to right-click on the Drivers node under the Databases node in the Services tab.

We then need to select a JAR file containing the JDBC driver for our RDBMS. NetBeans guesses the name of the driver class containing the JDBC driver. If more than one driver class is found in the JAR file, the correct one can be selected from the drop-down menu labeled Driver Class. We need to click the OK button to add the driver to NetBeans.

Once we have followed the above procedure, our new JDBC driver is displayed in the list of registered drivers.

Connecting to a Third Party RDBMS

Once we have added the JDBC driver for our RDBMS to NetBeans, we are ready to connect to the third party RDBMS.

Then we need to enter the JDBC URL, username, and password for our database.

After clicking the OK button, NetBeans may ask us to select a database schema.

After selecting the schema and clicking the OK button, our database is shown in the list of databases in the Services tab. We can connect to it by right-clicking on it, selecting Connect from the resulting pop-up, then entering our username and password for the database (if we chose not to allow NetBeans to "remember" the password when we added the database).

We have now successfully connected NetBeans to a third party RDBMS.

The NetBeans code editor includes very good code completion. For example, if we wish to create a private variable, we don't need to type the whole "private" word, we can simply write the first three letters ("pri"), then hit Ctrl+Space, and NetBeans will complete the word private for us.

Code completion also works for variable types and method return values. For example, if we want to declare a variable of type java.util.List, we simply need to type the first few characters of the type, then hit Ctrl+Space. NetBeans will try to complete with types in any packages we have imported in our class. To make NetBeans attempt to complete with any type in the CLASSPATH, we need to hit Ctrl+Space again.

As we can see in the previous screenshot, NetBeans displays JavaDoc for the class we select from the code completion options. Another time saving feature is that the class we select from the options is automatically imported into our code.

Once we have the type of our variable, we can hit Ctrl+Space again, right after the variable, and NetBeans will suggest variable names.

When we want to initialize our variable to a new value, we can simply hit Ctrl+Space again and a list of valid types is shown as options for code completions.

In our example, our type (java.util.List) is an interface, therefore all classes implementing this interface are shown as possible candidates for code completion. Had our type been a class, both our class and all of its subclasses would have been shown as code completion candidates.

When we are ready to use our variable, we can simply type the first few characters of the variable name, then hit Ctrl+Space.

When we wish to invoke a method in our object, we simply type the dot at the end of the variable name, and all available methods are displayed as code completion options.

Notice how the JavaDoc for the selected method is automatically displayed.

Code completion also works for methods. We simply need to type the first few characters of our method name and NetBeans will automatically complete the method name, and it will also try to guess the values to pass as parameters.

Code templates are abbreviations for frequently used code snippets. To use a code template, we simply type it into the editor and hit the Tab key to expand the abbreviations into the full code snippet it represents.

For example, typing sout and pressing the Tab key will expand into System.out.println("");, with the caret placed between the two double quotes.

Some of the most useful code templates are listed in the table below, please note that code templates are case sensitive.

To see the complete list of code templates, click on Tools | Options. Click on the Editor icon, then on the Code Templates tab.

We can add our own templates by clicking on the New button. We will be prompted for the template's abbreviation. Once we enter it our new template will be added to the template list and will automatically be selected. We can then enter the expanded text for our template in the Expanded Text tab.

NetBeans offers several keyboard shortcuts that allow very fast navigation between source files. Memorizing these keyboard shortcuts allow us to develop code a lot more effectively than relying on the mouse. Some of the most useful NetBeans keyboard shortcuts are listed in this section, but this list is by no means exhaustive. The complete list of NetBeans keyboard shortcuts can be found online at http://wiki.netbeans.org/wiki/view/KeymapProfileFor60.

One useful keyboard shortcut that allows us to quickly navigate within a large Java file is Ctrl+F12. This keyboard shortcut will present an outline of the current Java file in the editor and show all of its methods and member variables.

Typing in the text field labeled Filter narrows the list of member variables and methods shown. This keyboard shortcut makes it very fast to navigate through large files.

Hitting Alt+F12 will result in a pop-up window outlining the class hierarchy of the current Java class.

We can use the above shortcut to quickly navigate to a superclass or a subclass of the current class.

Another useful keyboard shortcut is Alt+Insert. This keyboard shortcut can be used to generate frequently used code such as constructors, getter and setter methods, and so on.

The code will be generated at the current location of the caret.

Additionally, when the caret is right next to an opening or closing brace, clicking Ctrl+[ results in the caret being placed in the matching brace. This shortcut works for curly braces, parenthesis, and square brackets. Hitting Ctrl+shift+[ has a similar effect, but this key combination not only places the caret in the matching brace, it also selects the code between the two carets.

Sometimes, we would like to know all the places in our project where a specific method is invoked; hitting Alt+F7 while the method is highlighted allows us to easily find out this information.

The above keyboard shortcut works with variables as well.

NetBeans will indicate compilation errors in our code by underlining the offending line with a squiggly red line. Placing the caret over the offending code and hitting Alt+Enter will allow us to select from a series of suggestions to fix our code.

Sometimes navigating through all the files in a project can be a bit cumbersome, especially if we know the name of the file we want to open but we are not sure of its location. Luckily, NetBeans provides the Shift+Alt+O keyboard shortcut that allows us to quickly open any file in our project.

Additional useful keyboard shortcuts include Shift+Alt+F; this shortcut quickly formats our code. Ctrl+E erases the current line, much faster than highlighting the line and hitting backspace. Sometimes we import a class into our code and later decide not to use it, some of us delete the lines where the class is used but forget to delete the import line at the top of the source file. NetBeans will generate a warning about the unused import, hitting Ctrl+Shift+I will delete all unused imports in one fell swoop.

One last thing worth mentioning, even though it is not strictly a keyboard shortcut, a very useful feature of the NetBeans editor is that left-clicking on a method or variable while pressing Ctrl will turn the method or variable into a hyperlink, and NetBeans will navigate to the method or variable declaration.

In addition to offering keyboard shortcuts, code templates, and code completion, NetBeans offers a number of visual cues that allow us to better understand our code at a glance. Some of the most useful are illustrated in the next screenshot.

When there is a warning in our code, NetBeans will alert us in two ways: it will underline the offending line with a squiggly yellow line, and it will place the icon shown below in the left margin of the offending line.

The light bulb in the icon indicates that NetBeans has a suggestion on how to fix the problem, moving the caret to the offending line and hitting Alt+Enter will result in NetBeans offering one or more ways of fixing the problem.

Similarly, when there is a compilation error, NetBeans will underline the offending line with a red squiggly line, and place the icon shown below on the left margin of said line.

Again the light bulb indicates that NetBeans has suggestions on how to fix the problem. Hitting Alt+Enter in the offending line will allow us to see the suggestions that NetBeans has.

NetBeans not only provides visual cues for errors in our code, it also provides other cues, for example, placing the caret next to an opening or closing brace will highlight both the opening and closing brace, as shown in the doSomething() method in the above screenshot.

Additionally, if one of our methods overrides a method from a parent class, the icon shown below will be placed in the left margin next to the method declaration.

The icon is an upper case O inside a circle, the O, of course, stands for "override".

Similarly, when one of our methods is an implementation of one of the interfaces that our class implements, the icon shown below will be placed in the left margin of the method declaration.

The icon is an uppercase I inside a green circle, which stands for "implements".

NetBeans also provides visual cues in the form of fonts and font colors, for example, static methods and variables are shown in italics, member variables are shown in green, and Java reserved keywords are shown in blue. All of the above cues can be seen in the screenshot at the beginning of this section.

Another nice feature of the NetBeans editor is that highlighting a method or variable highlights it everywhere it is used in the currently open file.