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CodeIgniter Web Application Blueprints
CodeIgniter Web Application Blueprints

CodeIgniter Web Application Blueprints: Develop full-featured dynamic web applications using the powerful CodeIgniter MVC framework

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CodeIgniter Web Application Blueprints

Chapter 2. A URL Shortener

There are quite a few URL shorteners out there on the Internet; however, there's always room for a little fun and sometimes people or companies require their own solutions rather than just using an external provider. The project in this chapter covers just that—developing a URL shortener in CodeIgniter that can be used by anyone.

To make this app, we'll need to do a few things: we'll create two controllers, one to create a shortened URL and one to redirect a shortened URL to its actual location on the Web.

We'll create language files to store text, creating a foundation for multiple language support should you wish to implement it.

We will also make amends to the config/routes.php file—this is to ensure that the shortened URL is as short as it can be.

However, this app, along with all the others in this book, relies on the basic setup we did in Chapter 1, Introduction and Shared Project Resources; although you can take large...

Design and wireframes

Before we start building, we should always take a look at what we plan to build.

Firstly, a brief description of our intent: we plan to build an app that will display a simple form to the user. The user will be encouraged to enter a URL into the form and submit that form.

A unique code will be generated and associated with the URL entered by the user. This URL and unique code will be saved to a database.

A new URL will be shown to the user containing the unique code we just generated. That unique code will be appended to the URL of the app we're building. Should the user (or anyone else) click on that link, the app will look up the unique code in the database. If the unique code exists, it will redirect the user to the original URL associated with that unique code.

So, let's take a look at some wireframes to help us understand what this might look like on screen:

Design and wireframes

This is the first page that the user will see. The user is invited to enter a URL into the textbox...

Creating the database

Okay, you should have already set up CodeIgniter and Bootstrap as described in Chapter 1, Introduction and Shared Project Resources. If not, then you should know that the code in this chapter is specifically built with the setup from Chapter 1, Introduction and Shared Project Resources, in mind. However, it's not the end of the world—the code can easily be applied to other situations.

Firstly, we'll build the database. Copy out the following MySQL code into your database:

CREATE DATABASE `urls`;
USE `urls`;

CREATE TABLE `urls` (
  `url_id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `url_code` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
  `url_address` text NOT NULL,
  `url_created_at` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
  PRIMARY KEY (`url_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB  DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=1 ;

Tip

You don't have to call the database urls if you don't want to. Feel free to rename to something else if you wish; just be sure to update the config/database.php...

Adjusting the routes.php file

We want short URLs—in fact the shorter the better. The user clicking on a URL would be better served if the URL were as short as possible; for that reason, it would be a good idea if we removed certain things from the URL to make it shorter—for example, the controller name and function name. We will use CodeIgniter's routing functionality to achieve this. This can be done as follows:

  1. Open the config/routes.php file for editing and find the following lines (near the bottom of the file):
    $route['default_controller'] = "welcome";
    $route['404_override'] = '';
  2. Firstly, we need to change the default controller. Initially, in a CodeIgniter application, the default controller is set to welcome. However, we don't need that; instead we want the default controller to be create. So, consider the following line:
    $route['default_controller'] = "welcome";

    Replace it with the following code:

    $route...

Creating the model

The Urls_model contains three functions; obviously it contains our __construct() function but we're not focusing on that at the moment as it's not doing anything except referencing its parent.

Instead, let's look at the two functions save_url() and fetch_url(). As their names suggest, one saves information to the database and the other fetches information from it. For now, let's go and create the code and we'll discuss in detail what each function does later:
Create the urls_model.php model file and add the following code to it:

<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');

class Urls_model extends CI_Model {
  function __construct() {
    parent::__construct();
  }

  function save_url($data) {
    /*
    Let's see if the unique code already exists in 
    the database.  If it does exist then make a new 
    one and we'll check if that exists too.  
    Keep making new ones until...

Creating views

We're going to create two view files in this section, as follows:

  • /path/to/codeigniter/application/models/views/create/create.php
  • /path/to/codeigniter/application/models/views/nav/top_nav.php

Don't forget that the navigation file (views/nav/top_nav.php) is unique to each chapter in this book.

Creating the view file–views/create/create.php

The create.php file is the view file that the user creating the shortened URL will see; it contains the HTML form the user will enter the original URL into and any interactive elements such as error or success messages.

Create the create/create.php view file and add the following code to it:

      <div class="page-header">
        <h1><?php echo $this->lang->line('system_system_name'); ?></h1>
      </div>

      <p><?php echo $this->lang->line('encode_instruction_1'); ?></p>

      <?php if (validation_errors()) : ?>
        <?php...

Design and wireframes


Before we start building, we should always take a look at what we plan to build.

Firstly, a brief description of our intent: we plan to build an app that will display a simple form to the user. The user will be encouraged to enter a URL into the form and submit that form.

A unique code will be generated and associated with the URL entered by the user. This URL and unique code will be saved to a database.

A new URL will be shown to the user containing the unique code we just generated. That unique code will be appended to the URL of the app we're building. Should the user (or anyone else) click on that link, the app will look up the unique code in the database. If the unique code exists, it will redirect the user to the original URL associated with that unique code.

So, let's take a look at some wireframes to help us understand what this might look like on screen:

This is the first page that the user will see. The user is invited to enter a URL into the textbox and hit the...

Creating the database


Okay, you should have already set up CodeIgniter and Bootstrap as described in Chapter 1, Introduction and Shared Project Resources. If not, then you should know that the code in this chapter is specifically built with the setup from Chapter 1, Introduction and Shared Project Resources, in mind. However, it's not the end of the world—the code can easily be applied to other situations.

Firstly, we'll build the database. Copy out the following MySQL code into your database:

CREATE DATABASE `urls`;
USE `urls`;

CREATE TABLE `urls` (
  `url_id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `url_code` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
  `url_address` text NOT NULL,
  `url_created_at` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
  PRIMARY KEY (`url_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB  DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=1 ;

Tip

You don't have to call the database urls if you don't want to. Feel free to rename to something else if you wish; just be sure to update the config/database.php file accordingly.

Let's take...

Adjusting the routes.php file


We want short URLs—in fact the shorter the better. The user clicking on a URL would be better served if the URL were as short as possible; for that reason, it would be a good idea if we removed certain things from the URL to make it shorter—for example, the controller name and function name. We will use CodeIgniter's routing functionality to achieve this. This can be done as follows:

  1. Open the config/routes.php file for editing and find the following lines (near the bottom of the file):

    $route['default_controller'] = "welcome";
    $route['404_override'] = '';
  2. Firstly, we need to change the default controller. Initially, in a CodeIgniter application, the default controller is set to welcome. However, we don't need that; instead we want the default controller to be create. So, consider the following line:

    $route['default_controller'] = "welcome";

    Replace it with the following code:

    $route['default_controller'] = "create";
  3. We will also need to set up a route rule for the...

Creating the model


The Urls_model contains three functions; obviously it contains our __construct() function but we're not focusing on that at the moment as it's not doing anything except referencing its parent.

Instead, let's look at the two functions save_url() and fetch_url(). As their names suggest, one saves information to the database and the other fetches information from it. For now, let's go and create the code and we'll discuss in detail what each function does later:
Create the urls_model.php model file and add the following code to it:

<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');

class Urls_model extends CI_Model {
  function __construct() {
    parent::__construct();
  }

  function save_url($data) {
    /*
    Let's see if the unique code already exists in 
    the database.  If it does exist then make a new 
    one and we'll check if that exists too.  
    Keep making new ones until it's unique.  
    When we make one that's unique, use it...
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Description

If you are a PHP programmer or developer looking for a framework to quickly develop your applications, this book is for you. The prerequisites needed would be prior experience with CodeIgniter.

What you will learn

  • Create a base application to form the building blocks to develop your own web applications
  • Develop a user authorization system to enable user access and permit the resetting of passwords
  • Build an application to upload photos along with their descriptions
  • Develop a URL shortener to create a new URL and save it to the database
  • Design a job board to create and list new jobs and also register users and agents
  • Construct an application to assign time against task, by adding filters and graphics to data
  • Expand an ecommerce website to provide online shopping facility to users
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Publication date, Length, Edition, Language, ISBN-13
Publication date : Jan 21, 2015
Length: 330 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781783287093
Languages :

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Product Details

Publication date : Jan 21, 2015
Length: 330 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781783287093
Languages :

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Table of Contents

10 Chapters
1. Introduction and Shared Project Resources Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2. A URL Shortener Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3. Discussion Forum Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
4. Creating a Photo-sharing Application Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
5. Creating a Newsletter Signup Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
6. Creating an Authentication System Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
7. Creating an E-Commerce Site Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
8. Creating a To-do List Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
9. Creating a Job Board Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

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Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon Empty star icon 3.8
(6 Ratings)
5 star 66.7%
4 star 0%
3 star 0%
2 star 16.7%
1 star 16.7%
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eli otr Mar 16, 2015
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
I was thrilled by reading this book. It covers much more than just codeigniter but good practice of PHP OOP programming , naming conventions.I addition it provide a lot of useful and advanced approach using latest Codeigniter Plugins such as the Sparks, integration with client side CSS/Javascript of the Bootstrap framework, and more.More then that it provides vast of good and practical examples of using the Codeigniter platform with various plugins in a very clear manner and bright explanations. I wish there were more books like this one.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
JT Dec 25, 2016
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Got this book for my son and he is enjoying it and putting the contents to good use.
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Kaley36 Aug 10, 2016
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Great book. A nice and easy way to get started.
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kumquat Dec 18, 2016
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Gute Projekt-Beispiele, die sich mit ein wenig Recherche auch auf Version 3.x übertragen lassen. Kann ich zum Einstieg empfehlen. Codebeispiele gibt es auch zum Download.
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Amazon Customer Jun 20, 2016
Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 2
I love this book so much but it waste for me to purchase book with not good quality papers. even though I love Amazon for good services that response on supports.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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Unfortunately, due to several restrictions, we are unable to ship to the following countries:

  1. Afghanistan
  2. American Samoa
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