Using pathlib to work with filenames

Most operating systems use a hierarchical path to identify a file. Here's an example filename:

/Users/slott/Documents/Writing/Python Cookbook/code

This full pathname has the following elements:

• The leading / means the name is absolute. It starts from the root of the filesystem. In Windows, there can be an extra letter in front of the name, such as C:, to distinguish the filesystems on each individual storage device. Linux and Mac OS X treat all of the devices as a single, large filesystem.
• The names such as Users, slott, Documents, Writing, Python Cookbook, and code represent the directories (or folders) of the filesystem. There must be a top-level Users directory. It must contain the slott subdirectory. This is true for each name in the path.

• In Windows, the OS uses \ to separate items on the path. Python uses /. Python's standard / is converted to the Windows path separator character gracefully; we can generally ignore the Windows \.

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