The set data structure

A set is a fundamental concept in mathematics and computer science. It is an unordered collection of distinct items (elements). Think of it as a bag where you can put things in, but the order you put them in does not matter, and you cannot have duplicates.

Sets are a fundamental concept in mathematics and computer science, with numerous real-world applications across various fields.

Let's take a look at the mathematical concept of sets before we dive into the computer science implementation of it. In mathematics, a set is a collection of distinct objects. For example, we have a set of natural numbers, which consists of integer numbers greater than or equal to 0 - that is, N = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ...}. The list of the objects within the set is surrounded by {} (curly braces).

There is also the null set concept. A set with no element is called a null set or an empty set. An example would be a set of prime numbers between 24 and 29. Since there is no prime number...