2
The Geometric Structure of Vector Spaces

Let’s revisit the Iris dataset introduced in the previous chapter! I want to test your intuition. I plotted the petal widths against the petal lengths while hiding the class labels in Figure 2.1:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
from sklearn.datasets import load_iris 
 
# Load the iris dataset 
iris = load_iris() 
data = iris.data 
 
# Extract petal length (3rd column) and petal width (4th column) 
petal_length = data[:, 2] 
petal_width = data[:, 3] 
 
with plt.style.context("/span>seaborn-v0_8": 
    # Create the scatter plot 
    plt.figure(figsize=(7, 7)) 
    plt.scatter(petal_length, petal_width, color=’indigo’, alpha=0.8, edgecolor=’none’, s=70, marker=’o’) 
    plt.xlabel(’petal length (cm)’) 
    plt.ylabel(’petal width (cm)’) 
    plt.show()

Figure 2.1: The “petal width” and “petal length” features of the...