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AI Blueprints
AI Blueprints

AI Blueprints: How to build and deploy AI business projects

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Profile Icon Dr. Joshua Eckroth Profile Icon Schoen
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Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5 (14 Ratings)
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Arrow left icon
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AI Blueprints

Chapter 2. A Blueprint for Planning Cloud Infrastructure

Electronic computing was once so rarefied and expensive that few people had ever seen such a machine. Elaborate public displays such as IBM's Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (The IBM Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator, Columbia University Computing History, http://www.columbia.edu/cu/computinghistory/ssec.html), placed behind glass on the ground floor of their New York headquarters in 1948, attest to the esteemed introduction of computing. Yet, through the most remarkable technological progression of human history, computing power has grown while hardware size and power usage have shrunk in equally spectacular orders of magnitude – today, chips less than a billionth the size have more computing power than the original electro-mechanical marvels, and equally, machines nominally the size of a refrigerator have billions of times the speed and memory.

Originally, computing resources were rented from...

The problem, goal, and business case

In accordance with the AI workflow developed in the previous chapter, we will first identify the problem, goal, and business case of cloud infrastructure planning. This ensures our efforts are not in vain, that is, we are applying AI toward a useful purpose with a measurable payoff.

Cloud computing is commonly used for hosting long-running services such as databases, load-balancing, and "bursty" workloads, such as sudden web traffic. Costs are usually expressed by cloud providers in monthly or yearly terms. However, cloud computing is also useful for one-off batch processing for AI. Many AI techniques require significant preprocessing of large data sets and long training phases. The processing is typically longer than a bursty workload, but the virtual machines are no longer needed when the processing is complete. In some cases, the preprocessing and/or training may be done on multiple machines in parallel.

Naturally, cloud providers...

Method – constraint solvers

The problem of cloud infrastructure planning may be solved with a constraint satisfaction engine, also known as a constraint solver. Constraint solving is a search process that attempts to minimize (or maximize) certain metrics while respecting certain constraints. There are many algorithmic methods for finding solutions that meet all the constraints and simultaneously minimize or maximize certain metrics. These methods include branch-and-bound, tabu search, simulated annealing, and genetic algorithms. It is worth noting that except in relatively simplistic cases, the optimal solution (as opposed to near-optimal) cannot be found efficiently, where "efficiently" refers to thousands of seconds as compared to thousands of years. We will develop a cloud infrastructure planner that searches for a good solution, but it might not be optimal.

In order to use a constraint solver, we need to know the following about our problem:

  • Constraints: The...

Deployment strategy

The cloud infrastructure planner can be used to plan virtually any cloud processing task, as long as the tasks are independent. We did not include any code that checks for interdependencies of tasks, such as task A must complete before task B. For independent tasks, the planner can keep track of the time each task will take on each type of cloud machine and find a near-optimal plan given certain time and cost constraints and preferences. For an organization that expects to have continual cloud computing needs, the planner may be deployed as a service that may be consulted at any time.

As described above, OptaPlanner solutions may be deployed in Java enterprise environments such as WildFly (formerly known as JBoss). A simple web-frontend may be built that allows engineers to specify the various types of virtual machines, the processing tasks, and benchmark measurements for how long each processing task takes on each variety of machine.

Most plans will involve several...

Continuous evaluation

Cloud computing infrastructure providers compete on cost, performance, and features. Their offerings are gradually cheaper, quicker to start up and more efficient with CPU- or disk- or network-intense workloads, and support more exotic hardware such as GPUs. Due to these inevitable changes and market dynamics, it is important to evaluate the accuracy of the planner over time continuously.

The accuracy of the planner depends on a few factors. First, the various supported machine instance types (for example, m4.large, c4.large, etc.) may change over time. The costs per hour may change. And the performance characteristics may change: the machines may start up faster, or they may handle the same processing task more or less efficiently. In our example planning application, all of these numbers were coded directly in the Main class, but a traditional database may be used to store this information in order to facilitate easy updates.

Continuous evaluation in a production...

Summary

This chapter showed the design, implementation, deployment, and evaluation of a cloud infrastructure planner. Using constraint solving technology from OptaPlanner, we developed a tool that is capable of planning a cloud machine configuration and task assignments for a large data processing task. We showed that some preliminary benchmarks are required to inform the planner how long a processing job takes on each different kind of cloud machine. We also showed how to produce plans that meet certain monetary or time constraints. The planner produces a script containing commands that automate the creation and configuration of the cloud machines and start the processing jobs. The planner predicts the time required to complete the entire job, and our evaluation showed that its prediction was highly accurate in practice.

Finally, we discussed potential methods for deploying the planner in enterprise environments and techniques for continuously evaluating the planner's accuracy...

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Key benefits

  • Learn and master the essential blueprints to program AI for real-world business applications
  • Gain insights into how modern AI and machine learning solve core business challenges
  • Acquire practical techniques and a workflow that can build AI applications using state-of-the-art software libraries
  • Work with a practical, code-based strategy for creating successful AI solutions in your business

Description

AI Blueprints gives you a working framework and the techniques to build your own successful AI business applications. You’ll learn across six business scenarios how AI can solve critical challenges with state-of-the-art AI software libraries and a well thought out workflow. Along the way you’ll discover the practical techniques to build AI business applications from first design to full coding and deployment. The AI blueprints in this book solve key business scenarios. The first blueprint uses AI to find solutions for building plans for cloud computing that are on-time and under budget. The second blueprint involves an AI system that continuously monitors social media to gauge public feeling about a topic of interest - such as self-driving cars. You’ll learn how to approach AI business problems and apply blueprints that can ensure success. The next AI scenario shows you how to approach the problem of creating a recommendation engine and monitoring how those recommendations perform. The fourth blueprint shows you how to use deep learning to find your business logo in social media photos and assess how people interact with your products. Learn the practical techniques involved and how to apply these blueprints intelligently. The fifth blueprint is about how to best design a ‘trending now’ section on your website, much like the one we know from Twitter. The sixth blueprint shows how to create helpful chatbots so that an AI system can understand customers’ questions and answer them with relevant responses. This book continuously demonstrates a working framework and strategy for building AI business applications. Along the way, you’ll also learn how to prepare for future advances in AI. You’ll gain a workflow and a toolbox of patterns and techniques so that you can create your own smart code.

Who is this book for?

Programming AI Business Applications provides an introduction to AI with real-world examples. This book can be read and understood by programmers and students without requiring previous AI experience. The projects in this book make use of Java and Python and several popular and state-of-the-art opensource AI libraries.

What you will learn

  • An essential toolbox of blueprints and advanced techniques for building AI business applications
  • How to design and deploy AI applications that meet today's business needs
  • A workflow from first design stages to practical code solutions in your next AI projects
  • Solutions for AI projects that involve social media analytics and recommendation engines
  • Practical projects and techniques for sentiment analysis and helpful chatbots
  • A blueprint for AI projects that recommend products based on customer purchasing habits
  • How to prepare yourself for the next decade of AI and machine learning advancements
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Publication date : Dec 31, 2018
Length: 250 pages
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Language : English
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Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781788992879
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Table of Contents

10 Chapters
1. The AI Workflow Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2. A Blueprint for Planning Cloud Infrastructure Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3. A Blueprint for Making Sense of Feedback Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
4. A Blueprint for Recommending Products and Services Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
5. A Blueprint for Detecting Your Logo in Social Media Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
6. A Blueprint for Discovering Trends and Recognizing Anomalies Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
7. A Blueprint for Understanding Queries and Generating Responses Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
8. Preparing for Your Future and Surviving the Hype Cycle Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Other Books You May Enjoy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

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Mark Watson Jan 13, 2019
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The publisher sent me a review copy of Joshua Eckroth‘s new book this week. There is a lot to like: realistic cookbook style examples for several common AI use cases. The author provides sufficient background material to explain how the examples work and for people who want to learn by doing the text and the github repo for this book is a great start.I was surprised to see a Prolog example, but the material made me nostalgic (I used Prolog a lot 25+ years ago). While this book is a good start I also recommend digging deeper into the technology of the examples that are of most interest to you (e.g., Andrew Ng’s 5 course series on deep learning, Peter Norvig’s online AI class, etc.)This is a good book and well worth investing time with.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
bgb Jan 12, 2019
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This much-needed handbook clearly and succinctly describes several of the most important applications of AI in today’s business world. It is written for programmers with a job to do: in short sections he tells you what software tools you need in order to start and how to implement them. E.g., how to use feedback, how to create recommendations, how to interact with the web, how to discover patterns in data, how to implement “deep learning”, and how to parse full text articles. The “how to” in each case points to specific code libraries that accomplish the job.Dr. Eckroth promises to focus on “programming realistic and useful AI applications with state-of-the-art software libraries” -- and he delivers.Bruce BuchananPast President and Fellow of AAAI
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Keri Harvey Jan 14, 2019
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This book is extremely well thought-out and organized.The projects detailed in each chapter showcase multiple AI use cases and techniques. In each chapter, the AI workflow is addressed in the context of the specific project. The reader is encouraged not only to practice with the techniques and learn new coding skills but also to critically consider how the AI workflow might apply to new situations that are beyond the scope of this book. The final chapter of the book examines the various highs and lows of interest in AL and ML over the last several decades. It ends with advice on how to identify new approaches and advances in AI and how to decide whether or not these advances are relevant for real business need.I felt that the Summaries at the end of each chapter were very helpful.This book is targeted at software engineers who are familiar with Java and Python and wish to learn how to use artificial intelligence and machine learning in their code. The projects and suggested workflow target small/medium businesses and startup companies that wish to introduce advanced capabilities and automation into an existing platform.Excellent read.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
KMG Jan 27, 2019
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Dr. Eckroth has an uncanny ability to make complicated concepts accessible. He has given us a useful and timely tool chest to access many of the capabilities inherent in AI and build applications needed in numerous industries. AI promises to deliver efficiencies and information capabilities never before seen, but it remains just out of reach for most firms. Dr. Eckroth’s straight-forward approach gives firms that little extra reach they need to finally take advantage of AI’s gifts. The future is now for AI applications and Dr. Eckroth’s tool chest gives us the ability to enjoy its benefits.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Eric Schoen Jan 14, 2019
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As AI practitioners, we tend to focus on core problems: text and speech understanding, pattern recognition, machine learning, cognitive architectures, and so on. Stepping back, as computer scientists, we see problems in terms of algorithms, data structures, and information models. It’s easy to lose sight of some key and maybe uncomfortable truths: AI applications can be trained to meet or exceed the performance of the best human experts—but can still very mysteriously “fall off the cliff” when presented with problems outside of their trained scope; AI will always be a small part of any real world system; and, AI applications need regular attention: performance monitoring and updates. Dr. Eckroth addresses these truths through a comprehensive tour of AI technologies that anyone can adopt, combined with a very practical approach toward integrating, deploying, and evaluating applications to solve real-world problems.(I was a technical reviewer of this book for the publisher.)
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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