Making types safely reusable with generics

In 2005, with C# 2.0 and .NET Framework 2.0, Microsoft introduced a feature named generics, which enables your types to be more safely reusable and more efficient. It does this by allowing a programmer to pass types as parameters, like how you can pass objects as parameters.

Working with non-generic types

First, let’s look at an example of working with a non-generic type so that you can understand the problem that generics are designed to solve, such as weakly typed parameters and values, and performance problems caused by using System.Object.

System.Collections.Hashtable can be used to store multiple values each with a unique key that can later be used to quickly look up its value. Both the key and value can be any object because they are declared as System.Object. Although this provides flexibility when storing value types like integers, it is slow, and bugs are easier to introduce because no type checks are made when...