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Kubernetes – An Enterprise Guide
Kubernetes – An Enterprise Guide

Kubernetes – An Enterprise Guide: Master containerized application deployments, integrate enterprise systems, and achieve scalability , Third Edition

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Profile Icon Marc Boorshtein Profile Icon Scott Surovich
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Paperback Aug 2024 682 pages 3rd Edition
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Arrow left icon
Profile Icon Marc Boorshtein Profile Icon Scott Surovich
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€41.99
Paperback Aug 2024 682 pages 3rd Edition
eBook
€22.99 €32.99
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€22.99 €32.99
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Kubernetes – An Enterprise Guide

Questions

  1. A single Docker image can be used on any Docker host, regardless of the architecture used.
    1. True
    2. False

Answer: B (We added the topic of cross-platform images)

  1. What does Docker use to merge multiple image layers into a single filesystem?
    1. Merged filesystem
    2. NTFS filesystem
    3. EXT4 filesystem
    4. Union filesystem

Answer: D

  1. Kubernetes is only compatible with the Docker runtime engine.
    1. True
    2. False

Answer: B

  1. When you edit a container's filesystem interactively, what layer are the changes written to?
    1. Operating system layer
    2. Bottom-most layer
    3. Container layer
    4. Ephemeral layer

Answer: C

  1. Assuming the image contains the required binaries, what Docker command allows you to gain access to a container's bash prompt?
    1. docker shell -it <container> /bin/bash
    2. docker run -it <container> /bin/bash
    3. docker exec -it <container> /bin/bash
    4. docker spawn -it <container> /bin/bash

Answer: B

  1. When a container is stopped, the Docker daemon will delete all traces of...

Technical requirements

This chapter has the following technical requirements:

We consider it essential to highlight that this chapter will mention various Kubernetes objects, some of which may lack extensive context. However, in Chapter 3, Kubernetes Bootcamp, we will dive into Kubernetes objects in depth, providing numerous example commands to enhance your understanding. To ensure a practical learning experience, we recommend having a cluster while reading the bootcamp chapter.

Most of the basic Kubernetes topics covered in this chapter will be discussed in future chapters, so if some topics become a bit foggy after you’ve read this chapter, never...

Introducing Kubernetes components and objects

Since this chapter will discuss various common Kubernetes objects and components, we’ve included a table with brief definitions for each term. This will provide you with the necessary context and help ensure you understand the terminology as you read through the chapter.

In Chapter 3, Kubernetes Bootcamp, we will go over the components of Kubernetes and the basic set of objects that are included in a cluster. Since we will have to use some basic objects in this module, we have provided some common Kubernetes components and resources in the table below.

Table 4.1 – Kubernetes components and objects

Figure 2.1: Kubernetes components and objects

While these are only a few of the objects that are available in a Kubernetes cluster, they are the objects we will discuss in this chapter. Knowing what each resource is and having basic knowledge of its functionality will help you to understand this chapter.

Interacting with a cluster

To interact with a cluster...

Using development clusters

Over time, several solutions have been developed to facilitate the installation of development Kubernetes clusters, enabling administrators and developers to conduct testing on local systems. While these tools have proven effective for basic Kubernetes testing, they often possess certain limitations that render them suboptimal for more advanced scenarios.

Some of the most common solutions available are as follows:

  • Docker Desktop
  • K3s
  • KinD
  • kubeadm
  • minikube
  • Rancher Desktop

Each solution has benefits, limitations, and use cases. Some solutions limit you to a single node that runs both the control plane and worker nodes. Others offer multi-node support but require additional resources to create multiple virtual machines. Depending on your development or testing requirements, these solutions may not meet your needs completely.

To truly get into Kubernetes, you need to have a cluster that has at least a...

Installing KinD

At the time of writing, the current version of KinD is 0.22.0, supporting Kubernetes clusters up to 1.30.x.

The files required to deploy KinD and all of the components for the cluster that we will use for the chapters are located in the repository, under the chapter2 folder. The script, create-cluster.sh, located in the root of the chapter2 directory, will execute all of the steps discussed in the remainder of the chapter. You do not need to execute the commands as you read the chapter; you are welcome to follow the steps, but before executing the install script in the repo, you must delete any KinD clusters that may have been deployed.

The deployment script contains in-line remarks to explain each step; however, we will explain each step of the installation process in the next section.

Installing KinD – prerequisites

There are multiple methods available for installing KinD, but the simplest and fastest approach to begin building KinD clusters...

Creating a KinD cluster

The KinD utility offers the flexibility to create both single-node clusters and more intricate setups with multiple control plane nodes and worker nodes. In this section, we will dive into the various options provided by the KinD executable. By the conclusion of this chapter, you will have a fully operational two-node cluster comprising a control plane node and a worker node.

Note

Kubernetes cluster concepts, including the control plane and worker nodes will be covered in detail in the next chapter, Chapter 3: Kubernetes Bootcamp.

For the exercises covered in this book, we will be setting up a multi-node cluster. The simple cluster configuration provided in the next section serves as an introductory example and should not be employed for the exercises presented in the book.

Creating a simple cluster

We will create a cluster later in the chapter, but before we do that, let’s explain how we can use KinD to create different...

Reviewing your KinD cluster

Now that you have a fully functional Kubernetes cluster, we can dive into the realm of a few key Kubernetes objects, specifically storage objects. In the next chapter, Kubernetes Bootcamp, we will get deeper into the other objects that are available in a Kubernetes cluster. While that chapter will explore the large list of objects available in a cluster, it is important to introduce the storage-related objects at this point, since KinD provides storage capabilities.

In this section, we shall acquaint ourselves with the storage objects seamlessly integrated within KinD. These purpose-built storage objects extend persistent storage capabilities to your workloads within the cluster, ensuring data persistence and resilience. By familiarizing ourselves with these storage objects, we lay the foundation for seamless data management within the Kubernetes ecosystem.

KinD storage objects

Remember that KinD includes Rancher’s auto-provisioner to...

Adding a custom load balancer for Ingress

We added this section for anybody who may want to know more about how to load balance between multiple worker nodes.

This section disccusses a complex topic that covers adding a custom HAProxy container that you can use to load balance worker nodes in a KinD cluster. You should not deploy this on the KinD cluster that we will use for the remaining chapters.

Since you will interact with load balancers in most enterprise environments, we wanted to add a section on how to configure your own HAProxy container for worker nodes, in order to load balance between three KinD nodes.

First, we will not use this configuration for any of the chapters in this book. We want to make the exercises available to everyone, so to limit the required resources, we will always use the two-node cluster that we created earlier in this chapter. If you want to test KinD nodes with a load balancer, we suggest using a different Docker host or waiting until...

Summary

This chapter provided an overview of the KinD project, a Kubernetes SIG project. We covered the process of installing optional components in a KinD cluster, such as Calico for CNI and NGINX for Ingress control. Additionally, we explored the Kubernetes storage objects that are included with a KinD cluster.

You should now understand the potential benefits that KinD can bring to you and your organization. It offers a user-friendly and highly customizable Kubernetes cluster deployment, and the number of clusters on a single host is only limited by the available host resources.

In the next chapter, we will dive into Kubernetes objects. We’ve called the next chapter Kubernetes Bootcamp, since it will cover the majority of the basic Kubernetes objects and what each one is used for. The next chapter can be considered a “Kubernetes pocket guide.” It contains a quick reference to Kubernetes objects and what they do, as well as when to use them.

It’...

Questions

  1. What object must be created before you can create a PersistentVolumeClaim?
    1. PVC
    2. A disk
    3. PersistentVolume
    4. VirtualDisk

Answer: c

  1. KinD includes a dynamic disk provisioner. Which company created the provisioner?
    1. Microsoft
    2. CNCF
    3. VMware
    4. Rancher

Answer: d

  1. If you created a KinD cluster with multiple worker nodes, what would you install to direct traffic to each node?
    1. A load balancer
    2. A proxy server
    3. Nothing
    4. Replicas set to 3

Answer: a

  1. True or false? A Kubernetes cluster can only have one CSIdriver installed.
    1. True
    2. False

Answer: b

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Key benefits

  • Focuses on what you need to run Kubernetes in an Enterprise environment, based on real-world experience
  • Learn how to secure clusters by adding runtime security and enhancing secrets management using direct pod mounting and Vault integration
  • Get a firm command of Kubernetes from a dual perspective of an admin as well as a developer

Description

Stay at the forefront of cloud-native technologies with the eagerly awaited Kubernetes – An Enterprise Guide, Third Edition. Delve deep into Kubernetes and emerge with the latest insights to conquer today's dynamic enterprise challenges. This meticulously crafted edition equips you with the latest insights to skillfully navigate the twists and turns of ever-evolving cloud technology. Experience a more profound exploration of advanced Kubernetes deployments, revolutionary techniques, and expert strategies that redefine your cloud-native skill set. Discover cutting-edge topics reshaping the technological frontier like virtual clusters, container security, and secrets management. Gain an edge by mastering these critical aspects of Kubernetes and propelling your enterprise to new heights. Expertly harness Kubernetes' power for business-critical applications with insider techniques. Smoothly transition to microservices with Istio, excel at modern deployments with GitOps/CI/CD, and bolster security with OPA/Gatekeeper and KubeArmor. Integrate Kubernetes with leading tools for maximum impact in a competitive landscape. Stay ahead of the technology curve with cutting-edge strategies for innovation and growth. Redefine cloud-native excellence with this definitive guide to leveraging Kubernetes.

Who is this book for?

Tech enthusiasts, DevOps aficionados, and those keen on mastering containerization will revel in the insights offered by this book. Designed for DevOps engineers, developers, and system administrators seeking to amplify their IT journey, this guide is your gateway to next-level Kubernetes expertise. While some familiarity with Docker and Kubernetes is advantageous, fear not if you're new to these concepts. A Kubernetes bootcamp is thoughtfully included, ensuring a seamless learning experience for beginners and those in need of a refresher.

What you will learn

  • Manage Secrets with Vault and External Secret Operator
  • Create multitenant clusters with vCluster for isolated environments
  • Monitor clusters with Prometheus and visualize metrics using Grafana
  • Aggregate and analyze logs centrally with OpenSearch for insights
  • Build a developer platform integrating GitLab and ArgoCD for CI/CD
  • Deploy applications in Istio service mesh and secure them with OPA and GateKeeper
  • Secure your container runtime and halt hackers in their tracks with KubeArmor
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Length: 682 pages
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Language : English
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Table of Contents

21 Chapters
Docker and Container Essentials Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Deploying Kubernetes Using KinD Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Kubernetes Bootcamp Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Services, Load Balancing, and Network Policies Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
External DNS and Global Load Balancing Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Integrating Authentication into Your Cluster Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
RBAC Policies and Auditing Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Managing Secrets Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Building Multitenant Clusters with vClusters Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Deploying a Secured Kubernetes Dashboard Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Extending Security Using Open Policy Agent Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Node Security with Gatekeeper Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
KubeArmor Securing Your Runtime Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Backing Up Workloads Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Monitoring Clusters and Workloads Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
An Introduction to Istio Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Building and Deploying Applications on Istio Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Provisioning a Multitenant Platform Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Building a Developer Portal Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Other Books You May Enjoy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
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