Heads-up when copying by reference

The fact that objects (including functions and arrays) are copied by reference could sometimes lead to results you don't expect.

Let's create two constructor functions and add properties to the prototype of the first one:

    > function Papa() {} 
    >function Wee() {} 
    >Papa.prototype.name = 'Bear';  
    >Papa.prototype.owns = ["porridge", "chair", "bed"]; 

Now, let's have Wee inherit from Papa (either extend() or extend2() will do):

    >extend2(Wee, Papa); 

Using extend2(), the Wee function's prototype inherited the properties of Papa.prototype as its own:

    >Wee.prototype.hasOwnProperty('name'); 
    true 
    >Wee.prototype.hasOwnProperty('owns'); 
    true 

The name property is primitive, so a new copy of it is created. The owns property is an array object, so it's copied by reference:

    >Wee.prototype.owns; 
    ["porridge", "chair", "bed"] 
    >Wee.prototype...