PHP Oracle Web Development: Data processing, Security, Caching, XML, Web Services, and Ajax Table Of Contents

PHP Oracle Web Development: Data processing, Security, Caching, XML, Web Services, and Ajax

Preface
Chapter 1: Getting Started with PHP and Oracle
Chapter 2: PHP and Oracle Connection
Chapter 3: Data Processing
Chapter 4: Transactions
Chapter 5: Object-Oriented Approach
Chapter 6: Security
Chapter 7: Caching
Chapter 8: XML-Enabled Applications
Chapter 9: Web Services
Chapter 10: AJAX-Based Applications
Appendix A: Installing PHP and Oracle Software
Index

Preface

Chapter 1: Getting Started with PHP and Oracle
- Why PHP and Oracle?
  - Simplicity and Flexibility
  - Performance
  - Robustness
- Exploring PHP and Oracle Alternatives
  - PHP and MySQL
  - JSF and Oracle
- What You Need to Start
  - Pieces of Software Required
  - Oracle Database Considerations
    - Understanding the Oracle Database
    - Choosing Between Oracle Database Editions
    - Obtaining Oracle Database Software
  - PHP Considerations
    - Apache HTTP Server
    - Why PHP 5
    - Obtaining PHP
  - Making PHP and Oracle Work Together
    - Oracle Instant Client
    - Zend Core for Oracle
  - Using Oracle SQL*Plus
    - Why Use SQL*Plus in PHP/Oracle Development?
    - Connecting to a Database with SQL*Plus
    - Running Scripts in SQL*Plus
  - Putting It All Together
- Creating Your First PHP/Oracle Application
  - Connecting to a Database
    - Using the Local Naming Method
    - Using the Easy Connect Method
  - Issuing an SQL Statement Against the Database
  - Fetching and Displaying Results
- Summary

Chapter 2: PHP and Oracle Connection
- Introducing the PHP OCI8 Extension
  - Why Use OCI8 Extension?
  - Processing SQL Statements with OCI8
- Connecting to Oracle with OCI8
  - Defining a Connection String
  - OCI8 Functions for Connecting to Oracle
- Parsing and Executing SQL Statements with OCI8
  - Preparing SQL Statements for Execution
  - Using Bind Variables
  - Executing SQL Statements
  - Handling Errors
    - Using the oci_error Function
    - Using the trigger_error Function
    - Using Exceptions
- Fetching Results with OCI8
  - OCI8 Functions for Fetching
  - Fetching the Next Row
  - Fetching All the Rows
- Alternatives to PHP OCI8 Extension
  - Using PEAR DB
  - Using ADOdb
  - Using PDO
  - Creating Your Own Library on Top of OCI8
- Summary

Chapter 3: Data Processing
- Implementing the Business Logic of a PHP/Oracle Application
  - When to Move the Data to the Processing
  - Advantages of Moving the Processing to the Data
  - Ways of Implementing Business Logic Inside the Database
  - Interaction between Components Implementing Business Logic
- Using Complex SQL Statements
  - Employing Oracle SQL Functions in Queries
    - Oracle SQL Functions versus PHP Data Processing
    - Aggregate Functions
    - The GROUP BY Clause
  - Using Join Queries
  - Taking Advantage of Views
    - The Key Benefits of Using Views
    - Hiding Data Complexity with Views
    - Using the WHERE Clause
- Using Stored Subprograms
  - What are Stored Subprograms?
  - Advantages of Stored Subprograms
  - An Example of When to Use a Stored Subprogram
  - Creating Stored Subprograms
  - Calling Stored Subprograms from PHP
- Using Triggers
  - Creating Triggers
  - Firing Triggers
  - Calling Stored Procedures from a Trigger
- Summary

Chapter 4: Transactions
- Overview of Transactions
  - What is a Transaction?
  - What are ACID Rules?
  - How Transactions Work in Oracle
  - Using Transactions in PHP/Oracle Applications
  - Structuring a PHP/Oracle Application to Control Transactions
- Developing Transactional Code
  - Controlling Transactions from PHP
  - Moving Transactional Code to the Database
    - Using Triggers
    - Dealing with Statement-Level Rollbacks
- Transaction Isolation Considerations
  - What OCI8 Connection Function to Choose
  - Concurrent Update Issues
    - Locking Issues
    - Lost Updates
  - Autonomous Transactions
- Summary

Chapter 5: Object-Oriented Approach
- Implementing PHP Classes to Interact with Oracle
  - Building Blocks of Applications
    - Creating a Custom PHP Class from Scratch
    - Testing the Newly Created Class
    - Taking Advantage of PHP 5's Object-Oriented Features
  - Functionality and Implementation
  - Reusability
  - Handling Exceptions
    - Modifying an Existing Class to use Exceptions
    - Distinguishing between Different Error Types
    - Are Exceptions Necessarily Errors?
- Extending Existing Classes
  - Using Standard Classes
    - PEAR::Auth in Action
    - Securing Pages with PEAR::Auth
  - Customizing Standard Classes
    - Customizing PEAR::Auth
    - Building More Compact Client Code
- Interactions between Objects
  - Composition
  - Aggregation
- Event-Driven Communication
- Using Oracle Object-Relational Features
  - Using Oracle Object Types
  - Implementing Business Logic with Methods of Oracle Objects
  - Using Oracle Objects to Simplify Application Creation
- Summary

Chapter 6: Security
- Securing PHP/Oracle Applications
  - Authenticating Users
  - Separating Security Management and Data
    - Using Two Database Schemas to Improve Security
    - Using Three Database Schemas to Improve Security
    - Employing PL/SQL Packages and Table Functions to Securely Access Database Data
    - Using the %ROWTYPE Attribute
    - Building a Custom Storage Container for the PEAR::Auth Class
    - Testing the Authentication System
  - Performing Authorization Based on the User Identity
    - Using Sessions to Hold Information about the Authenticated User
    - Holding a User's Information in Package Variables
    - Protecting Resources Based on Information about the Authenticated User
- Hashing
  - Hashing Passwords
  - Modifying an Authentication System to Use Hashing
- Setting Up Fine-Grained Access with Database Views
  - Implementing Column-Level Security with Views
  - Masking the Column Values Returned to the Application
    - Using the DECODE Function
  - Implementing Row-Level Security with Views
- Using VPD to Implement Row-Level Security
- Summary

Chapter 7: Caching
- Caching Data with Oracle and PHP
  - Caching Queries on the Database Server
    - Processing SQL Statements
    - Using Bind Variables to Increase the Probability of Shared Pool Cache Hits
  - Using Oracle's Application Contexts for Caching
    - Creating a Global Application Context
    - Manipulating Data Held in a Global Context
    - Resetting Values in a Global Context
  - Caching Mechanisms Available in PHP
    - Choosing a Caching Strategy
    - Caching Function Calls with the PEAR::Cache_Lite Package
    - Updating Cached Data
- Implementing Notification-Based Caching
  - Using Database Change Notification
    - Auditing Notification Messages
    - Building a PL/SQL Procedure Sending Notifications to the Web Server
    - Performing Configuration Steps Required for Change Notification
    - Building the Notification Handler
    - Creating a Query Registration for the Notification Handler
    - Quick Test
  - Implementing Notification-Based Caching with PEAR::Cache_Lite
- Summary

Chapter 8: XML-Enabled Applications
- Processing XML in PHP/Oracle Applications
  - Processing XML Data with PHP
    - Creating XML with the DOM PHP Extension
    - Querying a DOM Document with XPath
    - Transforming and Processing XML with XSLT
  - Performing XML Processing inside the Database
    - Using Oracle SQL/XML Generation Functions
    - Moving All the XML Processing into the Database
    - Storing XML Data in the Database
    - Performing XSLT Transformations inside the Database
- Building PHP Applications on Oracle XML DB
  - Using Oracle Database for Storing, Modifying, and Retrieving XML Data
    - Database Storage Options for XML Data in Oracle Database
    - Using XMLType for Handling XML Data in the Database
    - Using XML Schemas
    - Retrieving XML Data
  - Accessing Relational Data Through XMLType Views
    - Using XMLType Views
    - Creating XML Schema-Based XMLType Views
    - Performing DML Operations on XML Schema-Based XMLType Views
  - Using Oracle XML DB Repository
    - Manipulating Repository Resources with PL/SQL
    - Accessing Repository Resources with SQL
    - Taking Advantage of Standard Internet Protocols
  - Handling Transactions
- Querying Data with Oracle XQuery
  - Using XQuery to Construct XML from Relational Data
  - Breaking up XML into Relational Data
- Summary

Chapter 9: Web Services
- Exposing a PHP/Oracle Application as a Web Service Using PHP SOAP Extension
  - Communicating Using SOAP
  - What you Need to Build a SOAP Web Service
  - Building a SOAP Web Service on Top of a PHP/Oracle Application
  - Building the Business Logic of a Web Service Inside the Database
    - Creating an XML Schema to Validate Incoming Documents
    - Generating Unique IDs for Incoming Documents
    - Creating PL/SQL Subprograms Implementing the Business Logic of the Web Service
  - Building a PHP Handler Class
  - Using WSDL
  - Creating a SOAP Server with PHP's SOAP Extension
  - Building a SOAP Client to Test the SOAP Server
- Adding Security
  - Implementing Authorization Logic Inside the Database
  - Creating a PHP Handler Class
  - Creating a WSDL Document
  - Creating a Client Script
- Summary

Chapter 10: AJAX-Based Applications
- Building AJAX-Based PHP/Oracle Applications
  - AJAX Interactions
  - Designing an AJAX/PHP/Oracle Monitoring Application
  - Building Blocks of an AJAX-Based Solution
    - Creating the Data Structures
    - Building the PHP Script that will Process AJAX Requests
    - Using the XMLHttpRequest JavaScript Object
    - Putting It All Together
    - Using Caching to Further Improve Responsiveness
- Implementing Master/Detail Solutions with AJAX
  - Planning a Master/Detail Solution that uses AJAX
  - Building the Sample Application
    - Creating the Data Structures
    - Generating HTML with Oracle XQuery
    - Sending Post Requests with AJAX
    - Styling with CSS
    - Putting It All Together
- Summary

Appendix A: Installing PHP and Oracle Software
- Installing Oracle Database Software
  - Installing Oracle Database Enterprise/Standard Editions
  - Installing Oracle Database Express Edition (XE)
    - Installing Oracle Database XE on Windows
    - Installing Oracle Database XE on Linux
  - Installing Apache HTTP Server
- Installing PHP
  - Installing PHP on Windows
  - Installing PHP on Unix-Like Systems
  - Testing PHP
- Bridging the Gap Between Oracle and PHP
  - Oracle Instant Client
  - Enabling the OCI8 Extension in an Existing PHP Installation
  - Installing SQL*Plus Instant Client
- Installing Zend Core for Oracle
  - Installing Zend Core for Oracle on Windows
  - Installing Zend Core for Oracle on Linux