Building Telephony Systems with OpenSER

Flavio E. Goncalves

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Overview

Table of Contents

The Author

Reviews

Downloads

Install, configure, and troubleshoot OpenSER
Use OpenSER to build next generation VOIP networks from scratch
Learn and understand SIP Protocol and its functionality
Integrate MySQL with OpenSER
Integrate OpenSER & Asterisk

Book Details

Language : English
Paperback : 324 pages [ 235mm x 191mm ]
Release Date : April 2008
ISBN : 1847193730
ISBN 13 : 978-1-847193-73-5
Author(s) : Flavio E. Goncalves
Topics and Technologies : All Books, Linux Servers, Networking & Telephony, Open Source

Preface
Chapter 1: Introduction to SIP
Chapter 2: The SIP Express Router
Chapter 3: OpenSER Installation
Chapter 4: OpenSER Standard Configuration
Chapter 5: Adding Authentication with MySQL
Chapter 6: Building the User Portal with SerMyAdmin
Chapter 7: Connectivity to the PSTN
Chapter 8: Call Forward and Voice Mail
Chapter 9: SIP NAT Traversal
Chapter 10: OpenSER Accounting and Billing
Chapter 11: Troubleshooting Tools
After Words
Index

Preface

Chapter 1: Introduction to SIP
- SIP Basics
  - SIP Proxy in the Context of a VOIP Provider
  - SIP Operation Theory
  - SIP Registration Process
- Server Operating as a SIP Proxy
- Server Operating as a SIP Redirect
- Basic Messages
  - SIP Dialog Flow
- SIP Transactions and Dialogs
  - The RTP Protocol
    - Codecs
    - DTMF-Relay
    - Real Time Control Protocol (RTCP)
  - Session Description Protocol (SDP)
- The SIP Protocol and the OSI Model
- The VoIP Provider "Big Picture"
  - SIP Proxy
  - User, Administration, and Provisioning Portal
  - PSTN Gateway
  - Media Server
  - Media Proxy or RTP Proxy for Nat Traversal
  - RADIUS Accounting
  - CDRTool Rating
  - Monitoring Tools

Where You Can Find More Information
Summary

Chapter 2: The SIP Express Router
- Where Are We?
- What is the SIP Express Router?
- What Software to Use, SER or OpenSER?
- Usage Scenarios
- OpenSER Architecture
  - Core and Modules
  - Sections of the File openser.cfg
  - Sessions, Dialogs, and Transactions
  - openser.cfg Message Processing
- SIP Proxy—Expected Behavior
- Stateful Operation
- Differences between Strict Routing and Loose Routing
- Understanding SIP and RTP
  - Summary

Chapter 3: OpenSER Installation
- Hardware Requirements
- Software Requirements
- Lab—Installing Linux for OpenSER
- Downloading and Installing OpenSER v1.2
- Lab—Running OpenSER at the Linux Boot
- OpenSER v1.2 Directory Structure
  - Configuration Files (etc/openser)
  - Modules (/lib/openser/modules)
  - Binaries (/sbin)
- Log Files
- Startup Options
- Summary

Chapter 4: OpenSER Standard Configuration
- Where Are We?
- Analyzing the Standard Configuration
- Using the Standard Configuration
- Routing Basics
  - Transactions and Dialogs
  - Initial and Sequential Requests
  - Routing in a Context of a Transaction
  - Routing in the Context of a Dialog
  - Lab—Tracking a Complete Dialog
  - Lab—Running Stateless
  - Lab—Disabling record-route
- Summary

Chapter 5: Adding Authentication with MySQL
- Where Are We?
- The AUTH_DB Module
- The REGISTER Authentication Sequence
  - Register Sequence (Packets Captured by ngrep)
  - Register Sequence Code Snippet
  - The INVITE Authentication Sequence
    - INVITE Sequence Packet Capture
  - Digest Authentication
    - WWW-Authenticate Response Header
    - The Authorization Request Header
    - QOP—Quality of Protection
  - Installing MySQL Support
  - openser.cfg File Analysis
- The Openserctl Shell Script
  - Openserctl Resource File
    - Openserctlrc File
  - Using OpenSER with Authentication
  - Enhancing the Script
    - Managing Multiple Domains
    - Alternative Routes
- The Functions check_to() and check_from()
- Using Aliases
- Handling CANCEL requests and retransmissions
- Full Script with All the Resources Above
- Lab—Enhancing the Security
- Lab—Using Aliases
- Summary

Chapter 6: Building the User Portal with SerMyAdmin
- SerMyAdmin
  - Lab—Installing SerMyAdmin
- Basic Tasks
  - Registering a New User
  - Approving a New User
  - User Management
  - Domain Management
  - Interface Customization
- Summary

Chapter 7: Connectivity to the PSTN
- Where Are We?
  - Requests Sent to the Gateway
  - Requests Coming From the Gateway
  - openser.cfg Inspection
- Lab—Using Asterisk as a PSTN Gateway
  - Asterisk Gateway (sip.conf)
  - Cisco 2601 Gateway
- Using LCR (Least Cost Routes)
  - The LCR Module
    - Configuration Diagram
  - VoIP Provider Dial Plan
  - The LCR Table
  - The Gateways Table
    - The Gateway Groups Table
  - Adding, Removing, and Showing LCR and Gateways
  - Openserctl LCR-Related Commands.
    - Notes:
    - Examples:
  - Lab—Using the LCR Feature
    - lcr Gateway Groups
    - lcr Gateways
    - lcr Routes
- Securing re-INVITES
- Blacklists and "473/Filtered Destination" messages
- Summary

Chapter 8: Call Forward and Voice Mail
- Call Forwarding
  - Pseudo-Variables
  - AVP (Attribute-Value Pair) Overview
    - AVPOPS Module Loading and Parameters
  - Implementing Blind Call Forwarding
    - Lab—Implementing Blind Call Forwarding
  - Implementing Call Forward on Busy or Unanswered
- Inspecting the Configuration File
- Lab—Testing the Call Forward Feature
  - Summary

Chapter 9: SIP NAT Traversal
- NAT Types
  - Full Cone
  - Restricted Cone
  - Port Restricted Cone
  - Symmetric
  - NAT Firewall Table
- Solving the SIP NAT Traversal Challenge
  - Implementing a Far-End NAT Solution
    - RFC3581 and the force_rport() Function
    - Solving the Traversal of RTP Packets
- Handling REGISTER Requests behind NAT
  - Determining if the Client is behind NAT

Handling INVITE Messages behind NAT
Handling the Responses
MediaProxy Installation and Configuration
- Installing MediaProxy

openser.cfg Analysis
- Modules Loading
- Modules' Parameters
- Register Message Processing
- Invite Message Processing
- BYE and CANCEL Message Processing
- RE-INVITE Message Handling
- Reply Message Handling
- Routing Script

Invite Diagram
- Packet Sequence

Lab Using MediaProxy for NAT Traversal
- Implementing a Near-End NAT Solution
  - Why STUN Does Not Work with Symmetric NAT Devices
  - Comparing STUN with TURN (Media Relay Server)
  - ALG—Application Layer Gateways
  - ICE (Interactive Connection Establishment)
- Summary

Chapter 10: OpenSER Accounting and Billing
- Objectives
- Where Are We?
  - VoIP Provider Architecture
  - Accounting Configuration
  - LAB—Accounting using MySQL
  - openser.cfg Analysis
  - Accounting using RADIUS
- Installation of FreeRADIUS and CDRTool
  - Packages and Dependencies
  - Create and Configure the Database for the Radius server
  - Configuration of the FreeRADIUS Server
  - Configure the RADIUS Client (radiusclient-ng)
  - Configure OpenSER
  - Test the Configuration after Making a Call
- Using CDRTool for Rating
  - LAB—CDRTool Installation
  - LAB—Using CDRTool
- CDRTool Architecture
- How CDRTool Rates a Call
  - Lab—Creating and Applying a Rating Plan
- Summary

Chapter 11: Troubleshooting Tools
- Objectives
- Built-in Tools
- Packet Capture and Trace Tools
  - TShark, Wireshark
  - SipTrace
  - Stress Testing Tools
    - Sipsak
    - SIPp
    - Installing SIPp
    - Stress Test—The SIP Signaling
    - Stress Test—The RTP Signaling
    - Testing MediaProxy
  - Monitoring Tools
- Summary

After Words
- What's New in Version 1.2.3
  - Cancel Handling
  - Blacklist is Disabled by Default
  - Method Filtering
  - Alias_DB
  - Branch_route
- Migration from 1.2.2 to 1.2.3 and 1.3.1
- Migrating the Script from Chapter 10 to openser 1.3.1
- RTPProxy
  - Lab—Installing RTPProxy
- Areas for Further Investigation
  - Carrier Route
  - Dialog
  - SIP Session Timers
- SIP Peering
- TLS Transport Layer Security
- Development
  - PERL
  - WeSIP
- Common Mistakes
  - Daemon Does Not Start
  - Client Unable to Register
  - Sending a Call to a Provider with Authentication
  - Typos in the Configuration File
  - The Last Tip
- Forum and Training
- Summary

Index

Flavio E. Goncalves

Flavio E.Goncalves was born in 1966 in Brazil. Having always had a strong interest in computers, he got his first personal computer in 1983 and since then it has been almost an addiction. He received his degree in Engineering in 1989 with a focus on computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing.

He is also the CEO of V.Office Networks in Brazil—a consulting company dedicated to the areas of Networks, Security, and Telecommunications and a training center since its foundation in 1996. Since 1993, he has participated in a series of certification programs and been certificated as Novell MCNE/MCNI, Microsoft MCSE/MCT, Cisco CCSP/CCNP/CCDP, Asterisk dCAP, and some others.

He started writing about open source software because he thinks that the way certification programs were organized in the past was very good for helping learners. Some books today are written by strictly technical people who, sometimes, do not have a clear idea of how people learn. He tried to use his 15 years of experience as an instructor to help people learn about the open source telephony software. His experience with networks, protocol analyzers, and IP telephony combined with his teaching experience give him an edge to write this book. This is the third book written by him; the first one was "Configuration Guide for Asterisk PBX“, BookSurge Publishing.

As the CEO of V.Office, Flavio E. Goncalves balances his time between family, work, and fun. He is a father of two children and lives in Florianopolis, Brazil, one of the most beautiful places in the world. He dedicates his free time to water sports such as surfing and sailing.

You can contact him at flavio@asteriskguide.com, or visit his website www.asteriskguide.com.

I thought the book did a great job explaining the use of various OpenSER modules and OpenSER scripting in general and it was refreshing to see this in print. Overall, this is a very good book and it deserves to do well and thank you to Flavio, the OpenSER team, and everyone at Packt Publishing! Once again, well done.

This book caters to the growing number of new users that arrive at OpenSER without an in-depth knowledge of SIP or programming. Overall this is a nice book and does what it sets out to do, which is to be a step-by-step guide for beginners with OpenSER.

Sample chapters

You can view our sample chapters and prefaces of this title on PacktLib or download sample chapters in PDF format.

Find your book in our support section to find errata and to download code samples.

What you will learn from this book

An introduction to SIP
An overview of SIP Proxies
Compiling and installing OpenSER
SIP Proxy default configuration
Implementing MySQL support for authentication
Installing the user portal (SerWEB)
Connecting to the PSTN using a gateway
Sending a call to voicemail
NAT traversal using mediaproxy
Billing with Freeradius and CDRTool
Troubleshooting tips and tools.

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In Detail

OpenSER is a flexible, free open-source VoIP server based on the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), an application-layer control (or signaling) protocol for creating, modifying, and terminating sessions with one or more participants, including internet telephone calls, multimedia distribution, and multimedia conferences.

Engineered to power IP telephony infrastructures up to large scale, OpenSER is written in pure C for Linux/Unix-like systems with architecture-specific optimizations to offer high performance; it is able to handle 4 million users on a single processor server. The server keeps track of users, sets up VoIP sessions, relays instant messages, and creates space for new plug-in applications.

It can be used on systems with limited resources as well as on carrier-grade servers, scaling up to thousands of call setups per second. It is customizable, being able to feature as fast load balancer; SIP server flavors: registrar, location server, proxy server, redirect server; gateway to SMS/XMPP; or advanced VoIP application server.

This book teaches how to develop a fast and flexible Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) server using OpenSER and shows how OpenSER can be used to implement features not available in Asterisk PBX.

Approach

This book is a well illustrated, step-by-step guide to building a SIP based network using OpenSER.

Who this book is for

This book is for readers who want to understand how to build a SIP provider from scratch using OpenSER. Telephony and Linux experience will be helpful but is not essential. Readers need not have prior knowledge of OpenSER.